Siffofin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin a halin yanzu sun hada da kamar haka.
(1) Samar da wutar lantarki.Tashar wutar lantarki wata masana'anta ce da ke amfani da gawayi, mai, da iskar gas a matsayin mai don samar da wutar lantarki.Asalin tsarin samar da shi shine: konewar man fetur yana mayar da ruwan da ke cikin tukunyar jirgi ya zama tururi, kuma makamashin sinadari na mai ya koma makamashin zafi.Matsin tururi yana motsa jujjuyawar injin tururi.An canza shi zuwa makamashin injina, sannan injin tururi yana motsa janareta don juyawa, yana mai da makamashin injin zuwa makamashin lantarki.Ƙarfin zafin jiki yana buƙatar ƙone burbushin mai kamar kwal da man fetur.A daya bangaren kuma, man fetur din da ake da shi yana da iyaka, kuma idan ya kara konewa, zai rage fuskantar hadarin gajiya.An yi kiyasin cewa albarkatun mai na duniya zai kare nan da wasu shekaru 30.A gefe guda kuma, kona man fetur zai fitar da carbon dioxide da sulfur oxides, don haka zai haifar da tasirin greenhouse da ruwan sama na acid, da kuma lalata yanayin duniya.
(2) Ruwan ruwa.Ruwan da ke canza ƙarfin ƙarfin ruwa zuwa makamashin motsa jiki yana tasiri injin turbin ruwa, injin ɗin ruwa ya fara juyawa, injin ɗin ruwa yana haɗuwa da janareta, kuma janareta ya fara samar da wutar lantarki.Rashin lahani na makamashin ruwa shi ne yadda ruwa mai yawa ya cika, wanda zai iya haifar da lahani ga yanayin muhalli, kuma da zarar babban tafki ya rushe, sakamakon zai zama bala'i.Bugu da kari, albarkatun ruwa na kasa su ma suna da iyaka, haka nan kuma yanayin yanayi na shafar su.
(3) Samar da hasken rana.Ƙarfin hasken rana yana canza hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki (wanda kuma ake kira samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic), kuma ainihin ka'idarsa shine "tasirin hoto."Lokacin da photon ya haskaka akan karfe, ƙarfinsa na iya ɗaukar electron a cikin karfe.Ƙarfin da wutar lantarki ke ɗauka yana da girma sosai don shawo kan ƙarfin ciki na ƙarfe don yin aiki, tserewa daga saman karfe kuma ya zama photoelectron.Wannan shine abin da ake kira "tasirin hoto", ko "tasirin hoto" a takaice.Tsarin photovoltaic na hasken rana yana da halaye masu zuwa:
①Babu sassa masu juyawa, babu hayaniya;②Babu gurbacewar iska, babu zubar ruwan sharar gida;③Babu tsarin konewa, babu mai da ake buƙata;④ Mai sauƙin kulawa da ƙarancin kulawa;⑤ Kyakkyawan aminci da kwanciyar hankali na aiki;
⑥ Baturin hasken rana a matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci yana da tsawon rayuwar sabis;
⑦ Yawan kuzarin makamashin hasken rana yana da ƙasa, kuma yana bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri da lokaci zuwa lokaci.Wannan ita ce babbar matsalar da ke fuskantar ci gaba da amfani da makamashin hasken rana.
(4) Samar da wutar lantarki.Injin iska injina ne na wutar lantarki wanda ke canza makamashin iska zuwa aikin injina, wanda kuma aka sani da injin niƙa.A faɗin magana, injin ne mai amfani da zafi wanda ke amfani da rana a matsayin tushen zafi da yanayi a matsayin hanyar aiki.Yana da halaye kamar haka:
① Sabuntawa, maras ƙarewa, babu buƙatar kwal, mai da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata don samar da wutar lantarki ko makaman nukiliya da ake buƙata don samar da wutar lantarki, sai dai don kulawa na yau da kullum, ba tare da wani amfani ba;
② Tsaftace, fa'idodin muhalli mai kyau;③ Ma'aunin shigarwa mai sassauƙa;
④ hayaniya da gurbacewar gani;⑤Zama babban yanki na ƙasar;
⑥ Mara ƙarfi kuma mara iya sarrafawa;⑦A halin yanzu farashin yana da yawa;⑧Tsarin ayyukan tsuntsaye.
(5) Makaman Nukiliya.Hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da zafin da ake fitarwa da fission na nukiliya a cikin injin nukiliya.Ya yi kama da samar da wutar lantarki.Ƙarfin nukiliya yana da halaye masu zuwa:
① Ƙarfin makamashin nukiliya ba ya fitar da gurɓataccen abu mai yawa a cikin sararin samaniya kamar yadda ake samar da wutar lantarki, don haka makamashin nukiliya ba zai haifar da gurɓataccen iska ba;
② Ƙirƙirar makamashin nukiliya ba zai haifar da carbon dioxide ba wanda ke tsananta tasirin yanayi na duniya;
③Man man Uranium da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da makamashin nukiliya ba shi da wata manufa face samar da wutar lantarki;
④ Yawan makamashi na makamashin nukiliya ya ninka sau miliyan da yawa fiye da na burbushin man fetur, don haka man da ake amfani da shi na makamashin nukiliya yana da ƙananan girma kuma ya dace da sufuri da ajiya;
⑤A cikin farashin makamashin nukiliyar, farashin man fetur ya yi kadan, kuma farashin makamashin nukiliya ba shi da sauki ga tasirin yanayin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa, don haka farashin samar da wutar lantarki ya fi sauran hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki kwanciyar hankali;
⑥ Tashar makamashin nukiliya za ta samar da sharar gida mai ƙarfi da ƙaranci, ko makamashin nukiliya da aka yi amfani da su.Ko da yake suna ɗaukar ƙaramin ƙara, dole ne a kula da su da kulawa saboda radiation, kuma dole ne su fuskanci matsalolin siyasa;
⑦Irin zafin da ake samu na tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ya yi kasa, don haka ana fitar da zafin sharar gida a cikin muhalli fiye da na yau da kullun na makamashin mai, don haka gurbatar yanayi na makamashin nukiliya ya fi tsanani;
⑧Kuɗin saka hannun jari na tashar makamashin nukiliya yana da yawa, kuma haɗarin kuɗi na kamfanin wutar lantarki yana da yawa;
⑨ Akwai abubuwa masu yawa na rediyoaktif a cikin injin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya, idan aka sake shi zuwa yanayin waje a cikin hadari, zai haifar da illa ga muhalli da mutane;
⑩ Gina tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ya fi haifar da bambance-bambancen siyasa da takaddama.o Menene makamashin sinadarai?
Makamashin sinadarai shine makamashin da ake fitarwa lokacin da wani abu ya fuskanci wani abu na sinadari.Yana da matukar boye makamashi.Ba za a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye don yin aiki ba.Ana fitowa ne kawai lokacin da canjin sinadarai ya faru kuma ya zama makamashin zafi ko wasu nau'ikan makamashi.Makasudin da ake fitarwa daga kona man fetur da gawayi, fashewar abubuwa masu fashewa, da canjin sinadarai a jikin abincin da mutane ke ci duk makamashin sinadari ne.Makamashin sinadaran yana nufin makamashin fili.Bisa ka'idar kiyaye makamashi, wannan canjin makamashi yana daidai da girma da kuma akasin canjin makamashin zafi a cikin martani.Lokacin da atom ɗin da ke cikin mahadin martani suka sake shirya don samar da sabon fili, zai haifar da makamashin sinadarai.Canjin, yana haifar da exothermic ko tasirin endothermic
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-25-2021
