Kayayyakin da aka haɗa suna yin kutse a cikin ginin kayan aiki don masana'antar wutar lantarki ta ruwa.Binciken ƙarfin kayan aiki da sauran ma'auni yana bayyana ƙarin aikace-aikacen da yawa, musamman ga ƙanana da ƙananan raka'a.
An kimanta wannan labarin kuma an daidaita shi daidai da bita da ƙwararru biyu ko fiye suka gudanar waɗanda ke da ƙwarewar da ta dace.Waɗannan masu bitar takwarorinsu suna yin hukunci da rubuce-rubucen don daidaiton fasaha, fa'ida, da mahimmancin gaba ɗaya a cikin masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki.
Yunƙurin sababbin kayan yana ba da dama mai ban sha'awa ga masana'antar lantarki.Itace - da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ƙafafun ruwa na asali da penstocks - an maye gurbinsu da wani sashi ta hanyar abubuwan ƙarfe a farkon shekarun 1800.Karfe yana riƙe da ƙarfinsa ta hanyar lodin gajiya mai yawa kuma yana tsayayya da yashwar cavitation da lalata.An fahimci kaddarorinsa da kyau kuma hanyoyin samar da kayan aikin suna da haɓaka sosai.Don manyan raka'a, da yuwuwar karfe zai kasance kayan da aka zaɓa.
Duk da haka, da aka ba da haɓaka ƙananan ƙananan (ƙasa da 10 MW) zuwa ƙananan ƙananan (ƙasa da 100 kW), za a iya amfani da abubuwan da aka haɗa don adana nauyi da rage farashin masana'antu da tasirin muhalli.Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan aka yi la'akari da ci gaba da buƙatar haɓakar samar da wutar lantarki.Ƙarfin ruwan da aka girka a duniya, kusan megawatt 800,000 bisa ga wani bincike na 2009 na Norwegian Renewable Energy Partners, shine kawai kashi 10 cikin ɗari na yuwuwar tattalin arziki da kuma kashi 6% na ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta fasaha.Yiwuwar kawo ƙarin abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar fasaha a cikin yanayin tattalin arziƙi mai yuwuwa yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin abubuwan haɗaka don samar da tattalin arzikin sikelin.
Ƙirƙirar abubuwan da aka haɗa
Don kera penstock na tattalin arziki kuma tare da daidaitaccen ƙarfi, hanya mafi kyau ita ce iska ta filament.An lulluɓe wani babban ɗaki da jakunkuna na zaren da aka bi ta cikin wankan guduro.An lulluɓe jakunkunan a cikin ƙugiya da ƙirar ƙira don haifar da ƙarfi don matsa lamba na ciki, lankwasa a tsaye da kulawa.Sashen sakamakon da ke ƙasa yana nuna farashi da nauyin ƙafa ɗaya don girman penstock guda biyu, bisa la'akari daga masu samar da gida.Bayanin ya nuna cewa kaurin ƙira ya kasance ne ta hanyar shigarwa da buƙatun kulawa, maimakon ƙarancin ƙarancin nauyi, kuma duka biyun ya kasance 2.28 cm.
An yi la'akari da hanyoyin masana'antu guda biyu don ƙofofin wicket da wuraren zama;jiko jiko da injin jiko.Rigar rigar tana amfani da busassun masana'anta, wanda ake ciki ta hanyar zuba guduro a kan masana'anta da yin amfani da rollers don tura resin cikin masana'anta.Wannan tsari ba shi da tsabta kamar jiko na injin ruwa kuma ba koyaushe yana samar da mafi kyawun tsari dangane da rabon fiber-to-resin ratio ba, amma yana ɗaukar ƙasa da lokaci fiye da tsarin jiko na injin.Jikowar Vacuum yana ajiye busasshen zaren a daidai madaidaicin madaidaicin, sannan busassun busassun za'a sanya buhunan buhunan busassun kuma an haɗa wasu kayan aiki waɗanda zasu kai ga isar da guduro, wanda aka zana cikin ɓangaren lokacin da aka shafa injin.Tushen yana taimakawa kula da adadin guduro a matakin da ya dace kuma yana rage sakin kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa.
Akwatin gungurawa za ta yi amfani da jeri na hannu a cikin rabi daban-daban a kan ƙulla namiji don tabbatar da yanayin ciki mai santsi.Wadannan rabi guda biyu za a haɗa su tare da fiber da aka saka a waje a wurin haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfi.Matsayin matsi a cikin akwati na gungura baya buƙatar babban ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai haɗawa, don haka jigon masana'anta na fiberglass tare da resin epoxy zai isa.Kaurin akwati ya dogara ne akan sigar ƙira iri ɗaya da penstock.Naúrar 250-kW inji ce mai gudana axial, don haka babu akwati gungurawa.
Mai tseren injin turbine ya haɗu da hadadden lissafi tare da babban buƙatun kaya.Ayyukan da aka yi kwanan nan sun nuna cewa za'a iya ƙera kayan haɓaka mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi daga yankakken prepreg SMC tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfi da ƙarfi. don samar da kauri da ake bukata.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan hanya ga masu tseren Francis da propeller.Ba za a iya yin mai tsere na Francis a matsayin raka'a ɗaya ba, saboda ƙayyadaddun abin da ke tattare da ruwa zai hana a ciro ɓangaren daga ƙera.Don haka, ana kera igiyoyin masu gudu, kambi da bandeji daban sannan a haɗa su tare da ƙarfafa su da kusoshi ta wajen kambi da bandeji.
Yayin da aka fi ƙera daftarin bututun cikin sauƙi ta hanyar amfani da iska mai filament, wannan tsari ba a sayar da shi ta amfani da zaruruwan yanayi ba.Don haka, an zaɓi shimfiɗar hannu, saboda wannan daidaitaccen hanyar kera ne, duk da tsadar aiki.Yin amfani da gyaggyarawa namiji mai kama da madauki, za a iya kammala shimfidawa tare da gyaggyarawa a kwance sannan a juya a tsaye don warkewa, tare da hana sagging a gefe ɗaya.Nauyin sassa masu haɗaka zai bambanta kadan dangane da adadin resin a cikin ɓangaren da aka gama.Waɗannan lambobin sun dogara ne akan nauyin fiber 50%.
Jimillar ma'aunin ƙarfe da injin turbine 2-MW ya ƙunshi kilogiram 9,888 da kilogiram 7,016, bi da bi.Karfe 250-kW da na'urori masu haɗaka sun kasance kilogiram 3,734 da kilogiram 1,927, bi da bi.Jimlar sun ɗauki ƙofofin wicket 20 ga kowane injin turbin da tsayin penstock daidai da kan injin injin.Yana yiwuwa penstock ɗin zai yi tsayi kuma yana buƙatar kayan aiki, amma wannan lambar tana ba da ƙididdiga na asali na nauyin naúrar da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Ba a haɗa da janareta, kusoshi da kayan aikin kofa ba kuma ana ɗaukar kamanceceniya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin haɗakarwa da ƙarfe.Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa sake fasalin mai gudu da ake buƙata don yin la'akari da matsalolin damuwa da aka gani a cikin FEA zai kara nauyi ga raka'a masu haɗaka, amma ana zaton adadin ya zama kadan, a kan tsari na 5 kg don ƙarfafa maki tare da damuwa da damuwa.
Tare da ma'aunin da aka ba, 2-MW mai haɗa injin turbine da penstock ɗinsa na iya ɗagawa ta V-22 Osprey mai sauri, yayin da injin ƙarfe zai buƙaci a hankali, helikofta tagwayen Chinook mai motsi.Har ila yau, na'ura mai karfin 2-MW mai hade da turbine da penstock na iya jawo ta F-250 4 × 4, yayin da sashin karfe zai buƙaci babbar motar da ke da wuyar motsawa a kan hanyoyin daji idan shigarwa ya kasance mai nisa.
Ƙarshe
Yana yiwuwa a yi turbines daga kayan haɗin gwiwa, kuma an ga raguwar nauyin 50% zuwa 70% idan aka kwatanta da kayan aikin ƙarfe na al'ada.Rage nauyin nauyi zai iya ba da damar shigar da injin turbines a wurare masu nisa.Bugu da kari, hada wadannan hadadden tsarin baya bukatar walda kayan aiki.Har ila yau, abubuwan haɗin suna buƙatar ƙananan sassa don a haɗa su tare, saboda kowane yanki ana iya yin shi a cikin sashi ɗaya ko biyu.A ƙananan ayyukan samarwa da aka tsara a cikin wannan binciken, farashin kayan ƙira da sauran kayan aiki sun mamaye farashin sassan.
Ƙananan gudu da aka nuna a nan suna nuna abin da zai kashe don fara ƙarin bincike kan waɗannan kayan.Wannan binciken zai iya magance yashwar cavitation da kariya ta UV na abubuwan da aka gyara bayan shigarwa.Yana iya yiwuwa a yi amfani da elastomer ko yumbu mai rufi don rage cavitation ko tabbatar da cewa turbine yana gudana a cikin magudanar ruwa da tsarin mulki wanda ke hana cavitation faruwa.Zai zama mahimmanci don gwadawa da warware waɗannan batutuwan da sauran su don tabbatar da cewa raka'a za su iya samun irin wannan aminci ga injin turbin ƙarfe, musamman ma idan za a shigar da su a wuraren da ba za a iya gyarawa ba.
Ko da a waɗannan ƙananan gudu, wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwar na iya yin tasiri mai tsada saboda rage aikin da ake buƙata don kera.Misali, akwati na gungura na rukunin 2-MW Francis zai kashe dala 80,000 don yin walda daga karfe idan aka kwatanta da $25,000 don kera kayan haɗin gwiwa.Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da ƙira mai nasara na masu tseren turbine, farashin gyaran gyare-gyaren masu gudu ya fi daidai da kayan aikin karfe.Mai gudu 2-MW zai kashe kusan dala 23,000 don kera daga karfe, idan aka kwatanta da $ 27,000 daga hadaddiyar giyar.Farashin na iya bambanta ta na'ura.Kuma farashin abubuwan da aka haɗa zasu ragu sosai a mafi girman ayyukan samarwa idan za'a iya sake amfani da ƙira.
Masu bincike sun riga sun yi bincike kan gina injin turbin daga kayan da aka haɗa.8 Duk da haka, wannan binciken bai magance yashwar cavitation da yuwuwar ginin ba.Mataki na gaba don haɗa injin turbin shine ƙira da gina ƙirar sikelin wanda zai ba da damar tabbacin yuwuwar da tattalin arzikin kera.Ana iya gwada wannan rukunin don tantance inganci da aiki, da kuma hanyoyin hana zaizayar cavitation da yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-15-2022
