Ilimin asali na makamashin ruwa da janareta na ruwa

1. Division of iya aiki da kuma sa na hydro janareta
A halin yanzu, babu ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni don rarrabuwa na iya aiki da saurin janareta na ruwa a duniya.Dangane da halin da ake ciki a kasar Sin, za a iya raba karfinta da saurinta bisa ga tebur mai zuwa:
Rarraba rated ikon PN (kw) rated gudun NN (R / min);
Low gudun, matsakaici gudun da babban gudun;
Micro hydro janareta <100 750-1500;
Ƙananan janareta na ruwa 100-500 <375-600 750-1500;
Matsakaitan janareta na ruwa 500-10000 <375-600 750-1500;Babban janareta na ruwa> 10000 <100-375> 375;

2. Shigarwa tsarin irin hydro janareta
Tsarin shigarwa na janareta na ruwa yawanci ana ƙaddara ta nau'in injin turbine.Akwai galibi nau'ikan nau'ikan:

1) Tsarin kwance
Na'urorin samar da ruwa tare da tsarin kwance galibi ana yin su ne ta turbines.Raka'o'in injin turbin ruwa na tsaye yawanci suna amfani da bege biyu ko uku.Tsarin abubuwan biyun suna da fa'idodi na takaice tsawon tsayin daka, karamin tsari da daidaitawa da daidaitawa da daidaitawa.Koyaya, lokacin da mahimmancin saurin shafting ba zai iya cika buƙatun ba ko nauyin ɗaukar nauyi yana da girma, ana buƙatar ɗaukar tsarin ɗaukar hoto guda uku.Galibin na'urorin injin injin turbine na cikin gida suna cikin ƙanana da matsakaita.Hakanan ana samar da manyan raka'a a kwance masu karfin 12.5mw.Rukunin injin injin injin ruwa na kwance da aka samar a kasashen waje ba kasafai ba ne tare da karfin 60-70mw, yayin da na'urorin injin injin ruwa a kwance tare da tashoshin wutar lantarki na iya samun karfin raka'a guda na 300MW.

2) Tsarin tsaye
Ana amfani da tsarin tsaye sosai a cikin rukunin janareta na injin ruwa na cikin gida.Rukunin janareta na injin ruwa a tsaye yawanci Francis ko turbines masu kwarara axial ne ke motsa su.Za a iya raba tsarin tsaye zuwa nau'in dakatarwa da nau'in laima.Ƙunƙarar bugun janareta da ke saman ɓangaren na'ura mai juyi ana kiranta gaba ɗaya azaman nau'in da aka dakatar, kuma ƙarfin bugun da ke ƙasan na'urar rotor ana kiransa gaba ɗaya azaman nau'in laima.

3) Tsarin tube
Naúrar janareta na tubular turbine tana motsa shi ta hanyar turbin tubular.Tubular turbine wani nau'i ne na musamman na injin turbin axial-flow tare da kafaffen ruwan gudu ko daidaitacce.Babban fasalinsa shi ne cewa axis ɗin mai gudu an jera shi a kwance ko kuma a tsaye, kuma hanyar da ke gudana daidai da na bututun shigarwa da bututun fitarwa na injin turbine.Tubular Hydrogenerator yana da fa'idodin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari da nauyi mai nauyi.Ana amfani da shi sosai a tashoshin wutar lantarki tare da ƙananan ruwa.

3. Structural aka gyara na hydro janareta
A tsaye janareta ya ƙunshi stator, na'ura mai juyi, firam na sama, ƙananan firam, ƙwanƙwasawa, ɗaukar jagora, mai sanyaya iska da injin injin maganadisu na dindindin.