Ma'ajiyar famfo ita ce fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita kuma balagagge a cikin manyan ma'ajiyar makamashi, kuma ikon shigar da tashoshin wutar lantarki zai iya kaiwa gigawatts.A halin yanzu, mafi girma kuma mafi girma da aka girka ma'ajiyar makamashi a duniya ana tura ruwa.
Fasahar ajiya da aka yi famfo ta balaga kuma tana da ƙarfi, tare da fa'idodi masu yawa, kuma galibi ana amfani da ita don ƙa'ida mafi girma da madadin.Ma'ajiyar famfo ita ce fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita kuma balagagge a cikin manyan ma'ajiyar makamashi, kuma ikon shigar da tashoshin wutar lantarki zai iya kaiwa gigawatts.
Bisa kididdigar da kwamitin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tanadin makamashi na ƙungiyar masu bincike kan makamashi ta kasar Sin suka yi, an nuna cewa, a halin yanzu, ruwan famfo na ruwa shi ne mafi girma da girma da aka girka ma'adanin makamashi a duniya.Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, karfin aikin ajiyar makamashi na duniya ya kai kilowatt miliyan 180, kuma karfin da aka girka na makamashin ajiyar makamashi ya zarce kilowatt miliyan 170, wanda ya kai kashi 94% na yawan makamashin da ake samu a duniya.
Tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su na amfani da wutar lantarkin da ake samu a lokacin ƙarancin nauyi na tsarin wutar lantarki don zubar da ruwa zuwa wani wuri mai tsayi don adanawa, da kuma sakin ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a lokacin lokutan nauyi.Lokacin da nauyin ya yi ƙasa, tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce mai amfani;lokacin da kaya ya yi girma, ita ce tashar wutar lantarki.
Rukunin ma'ajiyar famfo yana da ayyuka na asali guda biyu: famfo ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki.Naúrar tana aiki azaman injin turbin ruwa lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya kai kololuwar sa.Ana daidaita buɗewar buɗaɗɗen jagorar injin turbin ruwa ta hanyar tsarin gwamna, kuma yuwuwar makamashin ruwa yana jujjuya zuwa injin injin jujjuyawar naúrar, sa'an nan kuma injin ɗin ya canza zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar janareta;
Lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa, ana amfani da famfo na ruwa don zubar da ruwa daga ƙananan tafki zuwa babban tafki.Ta hanyar daidaitawa ta atomatik na tsarin gwamna, ana gyara buɗewar jagorar vane ta atomatik bisa ga ɗaga famfo, kuma ana canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashi mai yuwuwar ruwa da adanawa..
Tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su suna da alhakin mafi girman ƙa'ida, ƙa'idar mita, madadin gaggawa da kuma farawar baƙar fata na tsarin wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya ingantawa da daidaita nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki, inganta ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na tsarin wutar lantarki, kuma su ne kashin baya don tabbatar da aminci, tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali na grid na wutar lantarki..Tushen-ajiye wutar lantarki an san su da “stabilizers”, “masu daidaitawa” da “masu daidaitawa” a cikin amintaccen aikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki.
Hanyoyin ci gaba na tashoshin wutar lantarki na duniya da aka yi amfani da su shine babban kai, babban ƙarfin aiki da sauri.Babban kai yana nufin cewa naúrar ta haɓaka zuwa babban kai, babban iya aiki yana nufin cewa ƙarfin ɗayan ɗayan yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma babban gudu yana nufin cewa naúrar ta ɗauki takamaiman takamaiman gudu.
Tsarin tashar wutar lantarki da halaye
Babban gine-gine na tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su gabaɗaya sun haɗa da: tafki na sama, ƙananan tafki, tsarin samar da ruwa, taron bita da sauran gine-gine na musamman.Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshi na wutar lantarki na al'ada, tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su suna da manyan halaye masu zuwa:
Akwai tafki na sama da na ƙasa.Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin wutar lantarki na al'ada tare da ƙarfin da aka girka iri ɗaya, ƙarfin tafki na tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka ɗora akan famfo yawanci kadan ne.
Matsayin ruwa na tafki yana jujjuyawa sosai kuma yana tashi da faɗuwa akai-akai.Domin gudanar da aikin aske kololuwa da cika kwari a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, bambancin yau da kullun na matakin ruwan tafki na tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi yawanci yana da girma, gabaɗaya ya wuce mita 10-20, kuma wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki sun kai 30- 40 mita, da kuma kudi na canji na tafki ruwa matakin ne in mun gwada da sauri, kullum kai 5 ~ 8m / h, har ma 8 ~ 10m / h.
Bukatun rigakafin magudanar ruwa sun yi yawa.Idan tashar wutar lantarki mai tsafta ta haifar da asarar ruwa mai yawa sakamakon tsagewar ruwan sama, wutar lantarkin za ta ragu.Har ila yau, don hana zubar da ruwa daga tabarbarewar yanayin yanayin ruwa a yankin aikin, wanda ya haifar da lalacewa da kuma mayar da hankali, ana kuma sanya buƙatu masu girma a kan rigakafin zubar da ruwa.
Kan ruwa yana da tsayi.Shugaban tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi gabaɗaya yana da tsayi, galibi mita 200-800.Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Jixi mai karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 1.8 shine aikin sashe na farko na kasata mai tsawon mita 650, kuma tashar wutar lantarki ta Dunhua mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 1.4 ita ce aikin farko na kasata 700- mita shugaban sashen aikin.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar adana kayan aikin famfo, adadin manyan manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki a ƙasata za su ƙaru.
An shigar da naúrar a ƙaramin tsayi.Domin shawo kan tasirin yunƙuri da ɓarkewar wutar lantarki, manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka gina a gida da waje a cikin 'yan shekarun nan galibi suna ɗaukar nau'ikan wutar lantarki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko da aka fara amfani da ita a duniya ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Netra da ke Zurich na kasar Switzerland, wadda aka gina a shekarar 1882. An fara aikin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki a kasar Sin a makare.An shigar da naúrar mai jujjuyawa ta farko a cikin Gangnan Reservoir a cikin 1968. Daga baya, tare da saurin bunƙasa masana'antar makamashi na cikin gida, ƙarfin da aka shigar na makamashin nukiliya da ƙarfin zafi ya ƙaru da sauri, yana buƙatar tsarin wutar lantarki ya kasance sanye take da na'urorin ajiya masu dacewa daidai. .
Tun daga shekarun 1980, kasar Sin ta fara aikin gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki mai dumbin yawa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasata da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki, kasata ta samu nasarori masu amfani a fannin kimiyya da fasaha a fannin sarrafa kayan aikin sarrafa manyan rumfunan ajiya na famfo.
Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2020, karfin samar da wutar lantarki da kasata ta yi ya kai kilowatt miliyan 31.49, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.0 bisa na shekarar da ta gabata.A shekarar 2020, karfin samar da wutar lantarki na kasa ya kai biliyan 33.5 kWh, wanda ya karu da kashi 5.0 bisa na shekarar da ta gabata;Sabuwar ƙarar da ƙasar ta yi ta samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya kai kWh miliyan 1.2.Tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasata da ake samarwa da kuma waɗanda ake ginawa sune na farko a duniya.
Kamfanonin Grid na kasar Sin a ko da yaushe suna ba da muhimmanci sosai ga bunkasuwar ma'ajiyar famfo.A halin yanzu, State Grid yana da tashoshin wutar lantarki guda 22 da ke aiki da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki guda 30 da ake ginawa.
A shekarar 2016, an fara aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyar a Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, da Fukang na jihar Xinjiang;
A shekarar 2017, an fara aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda shida a gundumar Yi ta Hebei, da Zhirui na Mongoliya ta ciki, da Ninghai na Zhejiang, da Jinyun na Zhejiang, da Luoning na Henan da Pingjiang na Hunan;
A shekarar 2019, an fara aikin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyar a Funing a Hebei, Jiaohe a Jilin, Qujiang a Zhejiang, Weifang a Shandong, da Hami a Xinjiang;
A shekarar 2020, za a fara ginin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda hudu a Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, da Shandong Tai'an Phase II.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta ƙasata tare da cikakkun kayan aikin naúrar mai cin gashin kanta.A watan Oktoban shekarar 2011, an kammala aikin samar da wutar lantarki cikin nasara, wanda ke nuni da cewa kasata ta samu nasarar ƙware a fannin fasaha na samar da na'urorin ajiya mai dumbin yawa.
A cikin Afrilu 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station aka fara aiki bisa hukuma don samar da wutar lantarki;A cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 2016, tashar wutar lantarki ta Zhejiang Xianju da aka yi amfani da ita mai karfin kilowatt 375,000 ta yi nasarar hade da tashar.Na'urorin sarrafa sarrafa manyan rumbunan ma'ajiyar famfo a cikin ƙasata sun shahara kuma suna ci gaba da amfani da su.
tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta ƙasata mai tsawon mita 700.Adadin da aka shigar shine kilowatt miliyan 1.4.A ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2021, an fara aiki da Unit 1 don samar da wutar lantarki.
A halin yanzu ana kan gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita wacce ta fi kowacce girma a duniya.Adadin da aka shigar shine kilowatt miliyan 3.6.
Ma'ajiyar famfo tana da halaye na asali, cikakke kuma na jama'a.Zai iya shiga cikin sabis na ƙa'ida na sabon tushen tsarin wutar lantarki, hanyar sadarwa, kaya da haɗin haɗin ajiya, kuma cikakkun fa'idodin sun fi mahimmanci.Yana ɗaukar tsarin wutar lantarki amintaccen mai samar da wutar lantarki, mai tsabta mai ƙarancin carbon da ingantaccen aiki Muhimmiyar aikin mai gudanarwa.
Na farko shi ne don magance rashin ingantaccen ƙarfin ajiyar wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin shigar sabon makamashi mai yawa.Tare da fa'idar ƙa'idodin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin ƙarfin ninki biyu, za mu iya haɓaka babban ƙarfin ikon tsarin ikon tsarin wutar lantarki, da kuma rage matsalar samar da wutar lantarki da ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na sabon makamashi da ƙyalli mafi girma ta hanyar tudun ruwa.Matsalolin amfani da haɓakar haɓakar sabbin makamashi ke haifarwa a cikin wannan lokacin na iya inganta yawan amfani da sabon kuzari.
Na biyu shine don magance rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan fitarwa na sabon makamashi da buƙatun nauyi, dogaro da ikon daidaitawa mai sauƙi na saurin amsawa, don dacewa da bazuwar sabon kuzari, da kuma biyan buƙatun daidaitawa mai sassauƙa. kawo ta sabon makamashi "dangane da yanayin".
Na uku shine don magance rashin isasshen lokacin rashin aiki na sabon tsarin wutar lantarki mai girma.Tare da fa'idar babban lokacin inertia na janareta na aiki tare, zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin hana ɓarna na tsarin yadda ya kamata kuma ya kiyaye kwanciyar hankali mitar tsarin.
Na huɗu shine don magance tasiri mai tasiri na aminci na nau'in "biyu-high" akan sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, ɗaukar aikin madadin gaggawa, da amsa buƙatun daidaitawa kwatsam a kowane lokaci tare da saurin farawa da sauri da ƙarfin haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki. .A lokaci guda, a matsayin mai katsewa, yana iya cire nauyin da aka ƙididdige naúrar famfo tare da amsa millisecond, da inganta ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin.
Na biyar shi ne a yi aiki yadda ya kamata tare da babban daidaita farashin da babban-sikelin sabon makamashi grid haɗi kawo.Ta hanyar hanyoyin aiki masu ma'ana, haɗe tare da ƙarfin zafi don rage carbon kuma ƙara haɓaka aiki, rage watsi da iska da haske, inganta haɓaka iya aiki, da inganta tattalin arziki na gaba ɗaya da aiki mai tsabta na dukan tsarin.
Ƙarfafa haɓakawa da haɗin kai na albarkatun ababen more rayuwa, daidaita aminci, inganci da ci gaban ayyukan ayyukan 30 da ake ginawa, haɓaka aikin injiniyoyi da ƙarfi, sarrafa hankali da daidaitaccen ginin, inganta lokacin gini, da tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin ajiyar da aka yi amfani da shi zai wuce miliyan 20. a lokacin "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14th".kilowatts, kuma aikin da aka shigar zai wuce kilowatt miliyan 70 nan da 2030.
Na biyu shi ne yin aiki tuƙuru a kan sarrafa abin dogaro.Ƙarfafa jagorar tsarawa, mayar da hankali kan manufar "dual carbon" da aiwatar da dabarun kamfanin, shirye-shirye masu inganci na shirin ci gaba na "Shekaru Biyar na 14" don ajiyar famfo.Haɓaka hanyoyin aikin farko na aikin a kimiyance, da ci gaba da nazarin yuwuwar aikin da amincewa cikin tsari.Mayar da hankali kan aminci, inganci, lokacin gini, da farashi, da himma wajen haɓaka ƙwararrun gudanarwa da sarrafawa, ginin injiniyoyi da koren gina ginin injiniya don tabbatar da cewa ayyukan da ake ginawa na iya samun fa'ida da wuri-wuri.
Zurfafa tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki na rayuwa, zurfafa bincike kan sabis ɗin grid wutar lantarki na raka'a, haɓaka dabarun aiki na raka'a, da cikakken ba da sabis na aminci da kwanciyar hankali na grid ɗin wutar lantarki.Zurfafa gudanarwa mai ma'ana daban-daban, hanzarta gina sarkar samar da wayo ta zamani, haɓaka tsarin sarrafa kayan, rarraba jari a kimiyance, albarkatu, fasaha, bayanai da sauran abubuwan samarwa, haɓaka inganci da inganci, da haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa da ƙari. ingancin aiki.
Na uku shine neman ci gaba a cikin sabbin fasahohi.Zurfafa aiwatar da "Sabuwar Tsare Tsare Tsare Gaba" don haɓakar kimiyya da fasaha, haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin binciken kimiyya, da haɓaka ƙarfin ƙirƙira mai zaman kansa.Haɓaka aikace-aikacen fasaha na naúrar saurin sauri, ƙarfafa bincike na fasaha da haɓaka manyan raka'a masu ƙarfin megawatt 400, hanzarta gina dakunan gwaje-gwajen samfurin famfo-turbine da dakunan gwaje-gwajen kwaikwaiyo, da yin kowane ƙoƙari don gina ingantaccen kimiyya da fasaha mai zaman kansa. dandamali.
Ƙaddamar da tsarin bincike na kimiyya da rarraba albarkatu, ƙarfafa bincike a kan ainihin fasaha na ajiyar famfo, kuma kuyi ƙoƙari don shawo kan matsalar fasaha na "manne wuyansa".Zurfafa bincike kan aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohi kamar "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", gabaɗaya tura ginin tashoshin wutar lantarki na dijital, da haɓaka canjin dijital na kamfanoni.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-07-2022
