Ruwan ruwa tsari ne na canza makamashin ruwa na halitta zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da matakan injiniya.Ita ce ainihin hanyar amfani da makamashin ruwa.Samfurin kayan aiki yana da fa'idodin rashin amfani da man fetur kuma babu gurɓataccen muhalli, ana iya ci gaba da haɓaka makamashin ruwa ta hazo, kayan aikin lantarki mai sauƙi da sassauƙa da aiki mai dacewa.Duk da haka, babban jarin yana da yawa, lokacin ginin yana da tsawo, kuma wani lokacin wasu hasarar ambaliyar ruwa za ta haifar.Yawanci ana haɗa wutar lantarki tare da sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, ban ruwa da jigilar kayayyaki don amfani mai mahimmanci.(marubuci: Pang Mingli)
Akwai nau'ikan wutar lantarki guda uku:
1. Tashar wutar lantarki ta al'ada
Wato karfin ruwa na madatsar ruwa, wanda aka fi sani da reservoir hydropower.An samar da tafki ne ta hanyar ruwan da aka adana a cikin dam din, kuma mafi girman ikon fitar da shi ana yin shi ne ta hanyar girman tafki da bambanci tsakanin wurin fitar ruwa da kuma tsayin saman ruwa.Wannan bambancin tsayi ana kiransa kai, wanda kuma aka sani da digo ko kai, kuma yuwuwar makamashin ruwa yana daidai da kai kai tsaye.
2. Gudun tashar wutar lantarki ta kogin (ROR)
Wato wutar lantarki mai gudana a kogin, wanda kuma ake kira runoff hydropower, wani nau'i ne na makamashin ruwa wanda ke amfani da wutar lantarki amma yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan kawai ko kuma ba ya buƙatar adana ruwa mai yawa don samar da wutar lantarki.Matsalolin ruwan kogin kusan baya bukatar ajiyar ruwa kwata-kwata, ko kuma kawai yana bukatar gina kananan wuraren ajiyar ruwa.Lokacin gina ƙananan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, irin wannan wurin ajiyar ruwa ana kiransa wurin daidaitawa ko forebay.Saboda babu manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki a lardin Sichuan na da matukar damuwa ga canjin yanayin ruwan da ake samu a lokutan da aka ambata.Don haka, ana bayyana tashar wutar lantarki ta Sichuan a matsayin tushen samar da makamashi na wucin gadi.Idan an gina tanki mai daidaitawa wanda zai iya daidaita kwararar ruwa a kowane lokaci a cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Chuanliu, ana iya amfani da shi azaman tashar wutar lantarki kololuwa ko tashar wutar lantarki ta tushe.
3. Ikon igiyar ruwa
Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki ta tidal ta dogara ne akan tashi da faɗuwar matakin ruwan teku da igiyar ruwa ke haifarwa.Gabaɗaya, za a gina tafkunan ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki, amma kuma za a yi amfani da ruwa kai tsaye wajen samar da wutar lantarki.Babu wurare da yawa masu dacewa don samar da wutar lantarki a duniya.Akwai wurare takwas da suka dace a Burtaniya, kuma an kiyasta yuwuwarta ta isa ta biya kashi 20% na bukatar wutar lantarki a kasar.
Tabbas, tashoshin wutar lantarki na al'ada sun mamaye hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda uku.Bugu da ƙari, tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita gabaɗaya tana amfani da wuce gona da iri na tsarin wutar lantarki (ikon a lokacin ambaliya, hutu ko ƙasa da ƙarshen tsakiyar dare) don zubar da ruwan daga ƙasan tafki zuwa babban tafki don ajiya;A kololuwar nauyin tsarin, za a saukar da ruwan da ke cikin tafki na sama sannan injin din na ruwa zai fitar da janareta na ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki.Tare da ayyuka biyu na kololuwar aski da cika kwarin, shine mafi kyawun isar da wutar lantarki don tsarin wutar lantarki.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi azaman daidaitawar mita, daidaitawar lokaci, ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki da jiran aiki, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki na grid na wutar lantarki da inganta tattalin arzikin tsarin.
Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi famfo da kanta ba ta samar da wutar lantarki, amma tana taka rawa wajen daidaita sabani tsakanin samar da wutar lantarki da samar da wutar lantarki a cikin grid;Ƙa'idar ɗaukar nauyi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gajeren lokaci mafi girma;Saurin farawa da canjin fitarwa na iya tabbatar da amincin wutar lantarki na grid ɗin wutar lantarki da haɓaka ingancin wutar lantarki.Yanzu ba a danganta shi da wutar lantarki ba, amma ga ajiyar wutar lantarki.
A halin yanzu, akwai tashoshi 193 da ke aiki da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1000 a duniya, kuma 21 na kan ginawa.Daga cikin su, tashoshi 55 na samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1000 na aiki a kasar Sin, kuma 5 ana aikin ginawa, wadanda ke matsayi na daya a duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-07-2022
