Reaction turbine wani nau'i ne na injina na ruwa wanda ke canza makamashin ruwa zuwa makamashin injina ta hanyar amfani da matsi na kwararar ruwa.
(1) Tsari.Babban abubuwan da aka gyara na injin turbin dauki sun hada da mai gudu, dakin tsere, injin jagoran ruwa da bututu.
1) Mai gudu.Gudu wani bangare ne na injin turbin mai ruwa wanda ke canza makamashin kwararar ruwa zuwa makamashin injin juyawa.Dangane da kwatancen canjin makamashi na ruwa daban-daban, tsarin masu gudu na injin turbin daban-daban suma sun bambanta.Francis turbine mai gudu ya ƙunshi streamline murɗaɗɗen ruwan wukake, kambin dabaran da ƙananan zobe;Mai gudu na axial-flow turbine ya ƙunshi ruwan wukake, mai gudu jiki, mazugi mai fitar da ruwa da sauran manyan abubuwan da aka gyara: tsarin madaidaicin turbine mai gudu yana da rikitarwa.Wurin jeri ruwa zai iya canzawa tare da yanayin aiki kuma yayi daidai da buɗewar vane jagora.Layin tsakiya na jujjuya ruwa yana samar da kusurwar da bai dace ba (45 ° ~ 60 °) tare da axis na injin turbine.
2) Rukunin kai.Ayyukansa shine don sa ruwa ya gudana daidai da tsarin jagorar ruwa, rage asarar makamashi da inganta ingantaccen turbine na hydraulic.Karfe karkace akwati tare da madauwari sashe yawanci ana amfani da manya da matsakaita-sized na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa turbines tare da ruwa shugaban sama da 50m, da kankare karkace akwati tare da trapezoidal sashe yawanci amfani da turbines tare da ruwa kasa kasa 50m.
3) Tsarin jagorar ruwa.Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi takamaiman adadin saƙaƙƙen vanes na jagora da tsarin jujjuyawarsu iri ɗaya da aka shirya akan gefen mai gudu.Ayyukansa shine jagorantar ruwa zuwa ga mai gudu daidai, da kuma canza magudanar ruwa na turbine na hydraulic ta hanyar daidaita buɗewar buɗaɗɗen jagorar, ta yadda ya dace da buƙatun nauyin kayan aikin janareta.Hakanan yana taka rawar rufewar ruwa idan an rufe shi gabaɗaya.
4) Draft tube.Ba a yi amfani da wani ɓangare na sauran makamashin da ke cikin kwararar ruwa a mashigin gudu ba.Ayyukan daftarin bututu shine dawo da wannan makamashi da fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa.Za a iya raba daftarin bututu zuwa siffar mazugi madaidaiciya da siffa mai lankwasa.Tsohon yana da babban adadin kuzari kuma gabaɗaya ya dace da ƙananan injin turbin kwance da tubular;Ko da yake aikin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na karshen ba shi da kyau kamar na mazugi madaidaici, zurfin tono yana da ƙananan, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin manyan injin motsa jiki da matsakaici.
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(2) Rarrabewa.An raba turbine mai amsa zuwa turbine Francis, turbine diagonal, turbine axial da turbine tubular bisa ga alkiblar ruwan da ke wucewa ta saman shaft na mai gudu.
1) injin turbin Francis.Francis (radial axial flow ko Francis) turbine wani nau'i ne na injin turbine wanda ruwa ke gudana a kusa da mai gudu kuma yana gudana axially.Irin wannan turbine yana da fadi da kewayon zartarwa shugaban (30 ~ 700m), tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan ƙarar da ƙananan farashi.Mafi girman injin turbin na Francis da aka fara aiki a China shine injin injin lantarki na Ertan Hydropower Plant, wanda aka kimanta ikonsa na 582mw kuma mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa na 621MW.
2) Axial kwarara turbin.Axial flow turbine wani nau'i ne na motsi turbine wanda ruwa ke gudana a ciki da waje na mai gudu axially.Irin wannan turbine ya kasu kashi kafaffen nau'in farfaganda (nau'in dunƙule propeller nau'in) da nau'in propeller nau'in (nau'in Kaplan).Gilashin na farko an gyara su kuma igiyoyin na baya zasu iya juyawa.Ƙarfin fitar da injin turbin axial-flow ya fi girma fiye da na injin turbin Francis.Saboda matsayi na ruwa na turbine na rotor na iya canzawa tare da canjin kaya, yana da babban inganci a cikin babban kewayon canjin kaya.Juriya na cavitation da ƙarfin injina na axial-flow turbine sun fi na Francis turbine, kuma tsarin kuma ya fi rikitarwa.A halin yanzu, shugaban da ya dace na irin wannan injin turbin ya kai fiye da 80m.
3) Tubular turbin.Ruwan ruwa na irin wannan turbine yana gudana daga axial zuwa ga mai gudu, kuma babu juyawa kafin da bayan mai gudu.A amfani da shugaban kewayon ne 3 ~ 20 .. Yana yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga kananan fuselage tsawo, mai kyau ruwa kwarara yanayi, high dace, low farar hula aikin injiniya yawa, low cost, babu volute da lankwasa daftarin tube, da ƙananan ruwa shugaban, da mafi bayyananne amfaninsa.
Dangane da hanyar haɗi da yanayin watsawa na janareta, turbin tubular ya kasu zuwa cikakken nau'in tubular da nau'in nau'in tubular.Semi Tashular nau'in an sake raba shi zuwa nau'in kwan fitila, nau'in shaft, a cikin abin da nau'in tsawaita tsawaita ya kasu cikin shingen karkatar da sararin samaniya.A halin yanzu, mafi yawan amfani da su shine nau'in tubular bulb, nau'in tsawo na shaft da nau'in shaft, wanda akasari ana amfani da su don ƙananan raka'a.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana amfani da nau'in shaft don manyan raka'a masu girma da matsakaici.
An shigar da janareta na axial exalted tubular unit a waje da tashar ruwa, kuma an haɗa janareta tare da injin turbin ruwa tare da tsayi mai tsayi mai tsayi ko shinge a kwance.Tsarin wannan nau'in tsawo na shaft ya fi sauƙi fiye da na nau'in kwan fitila.
4) Diagonal kwarara turbin.Tsarin da girman kwararar diagonal (wanda kuma aka sani da diagonal) turbine suna tsakanin Francis da kwararar axial.Babban bambanci shine cewa tsakiyar layin mai gudu yana a wani kusurwa tare da tsakiyar layin turbine.Saboda halaye na tsarin, ba a ba da izinin naúrar ta nutse yayin aiki ba, don haka an shigar da na'urar kariyar siginar axial a cikin tsari na biyu don hana haɗuwa tsakanin ruwa da ɗakin mai gudu.Matsakaicin girman amfani da injin turbine mai gudana shine 25 ~ 200m.
A halin yanzu, mafi girman juzu'i guda ɗaya da aka ƙididdige ikon fitarwa na injin turbine mai karkata a duniya shine 215MW (tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet), kuma mafi girman shugaban amfani shine 136m (Japan).
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-01-2021
