Taƙaitaccen Gabatarwar Kayan Aikin Turbine a Tsiran Ruwan Ruwa

1. Ƙa'idar aiki
Turbin ruwa shine makamashin kwararar ruwa.Turbine na ruwa shine injina mai ƙarfi wanda ke canza kuzarin kwararar ruwa zuwa makamashin injin juyawa.Ruwan da ke cikin tafki na sama ana kai shi zuwa injin turbin ta hanyar bututun karkatar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke motsa injin turbine don jujjuya kuma yana motsa janareta don samar da wutar lantarki.

Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na ƙarfin fitarwa na turbin shine kamar haka:
P＝9.81H·Q· η (P-power from hydro janareta, kW;H - kan ruwa, m;Q - gudana ta hanyar injin turbin, m3 / S;η- Ingantacciyar injin turbine
Mafi girman kai h kuma mafi girma fitarwa Q, mafi girman ingancin injin turbine η Mafi girman iko, mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa.

2. Rarraba da zartar da shugaban injin turbin ruwa
Rarraba Turbine
Reaction turbine: Francis, axial kwarara, oblique kwarara da tubular turbine
Pelton turbine: Pelton turbine, turbine bugun jini, turbin bugun bugun jini biyu da injin turbin Pelton
A tsaye gauraye kwarara
Gudun axial a tsaye
kwararar ruwa
Shugaban da ya dace

Turbine mai amsawa:
Francis turbin 20-700m
Axial kwarara turbine 3 ~ 80m
Turbine mai gudana 25 ~ 200m
Tubular turbin 1 ~ 25m

Turbine mai ƙarfi:
Pelton turbine 300-1700m (babba), 40-250m (ƙananan)
20 ~ 300m don tasirin turbine
Biyu danna injin turbin 5 ~ 100m (ƙananan)
An zaɓi nau'in injin turbine bisa ga shugaban aiki da takamaiman gudu

3. Mahimman sigogi na aiki na injin turbine
Ya haɗa da kai h, kwarara Q, fitarwa P da inganci η, Speed ​​n.
Siffar shugaban H:
Matsakaicin shugaban Hmax: matsakaicin gidan yanar gizo wanda aka yarda injin turbin yayi aiki.
Mafi ƙarancin shugaban Hmin: ƙaramin gidan yanar gizo don aminci da kwanciyar hankali aiki na injin turbine.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin kai ha: matsakaicin ma'auni na duk shugabannin ruwa na injin turbine.
Matsayin shugaban HR: ƙaramin kan gidan yanar gizon da ake buƙata don injin turbin don samar da ƙididdigan fitarwa.
Fitar da Q: ƙarar kwararar da ke wucewa ta cikin sashin da aka bayar na turbine a cikin lokacin raka'a, naúrar da aka saba amfani da ita shine m3 / s.
Speed ​​n: adadin jujjuyawar mai gudu a cikin lokacin raka'a, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin R/min.
Fitarwa P: ikon fitarwa na ƙarshen shaft turbine, naúrar da aka saba amfani da ita: kW.
inganci η: Adadin ikon shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa ikon fitarwa na injin turbine ana kiransa ingancin injin turbine.

4. Babban tsarin injin turbin
Babban abubuwan da aka gyara na injin turbin dauki sune volute, tsayawa zobe, injin jagora, murfin saman, mai gudu, babban shaft, ɗaukar jagora, zobe na ƙasa, daftarin bututu, da sauransu. Hotunan da ke sama suna nuna manyan abubuwan haɗin ginin injin injin ɗin.

5. Gwajin masana'anta na injin turbine
Bincika, aiki da gwada manyan sassa kamar volute, mai gudu, babban shaft, servomotor, ɗaukar hoto da murfin saman.
Babban dubawa da abubuwan gwaji:
1) Binciken kayan aiki;
2) Binciken walda;
3) Gwaji mara lalacewa;
4) Gwajin matsin lamba;
5) Tabbatar da girma;
6) Taron masana'antu;
7) Gwajin motsi;
8) Gwajin ma'auni mai gudu, da dai sauransu.