Pehea e hana ai na mea kanu wai

ʻO ka honua holoʻokoʻa, hoʻopuka nā mea kanu hydropower ma kahi o 24 pakeneka o ka uila o ka honua a hāʻawi i ka mana ma mua o 1 biliona kānaka.Hoʻopuka nā mea kanu hydropower o ka honua i ka huina o 675,000 megawatts, ka ikehu like me 3.6 biliona barela aila, e like me ka National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Aia ma mua o 2,000 mau mea kanu hydropower e hana ana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hana ana i ka hydropower i ka nui o ka ikehu hou o ka ʻāina.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i ka hana ʻana o ka wai hāʻule i ka ikehu a aʻo e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapili hydrologic e hana i ka kahe wai e pono ai no ka hydropower.E ʻike pū ʻoe i kahi noi kūikawā o ka hydropower e pili ana i kou ola i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ke nānā aku nei i ka holo ʻana o ka muliwai, paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka ikaika o kāna lawe ʻana.Inā ua hele ʻoe i ka waʻa wai keʻokeʻo, a laila ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka mana o ka muliwai.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kahawai wai keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he muliwai, e lawe ana i ka nui o ka wai i lalo, nā ʻōmole ma kahi ala haiki.Ke hoʻoikaika ʻia ka muliwai ma kēia puka, wikiwiki ke kahe.ʻO ke kaiakahina kekahi laʻana o ka nui o ka ikaika o ka nui o ka wai.
Hoʻohana nā mea kanu wai i ka ikehu o ka wai a hoʻohana i nā mīkini maʻalahi e hoʻololi i kēlā ikehu i uila.Hoʻokumu maoli ʻia nā mea kanu wai wai i kahi manaʻo maʻalahi - ʻo ka wai e kahe ana ma kahi pā e hoʻohuli i ka turbine, ka mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka generator.

Eia nā ʻāpana kumu o ka mea kanu hydropower maʻamau:
Dam – ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu wai wai e hilinaʻi nei i kahi pā e paʻa ai ka wai, e hana ana i kahi waihona wai nui.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia pūnāwai ma ke ʻano he loko leʻaleʻa, e like me Lake Roosevelt ma Grand Coulee Dam ma Wakinekona State.
Ke komo ʻana - Hāmama nā puka ma ka pā a huki ka umekaumaha i ka wai ma o ka penstock, kahi paipu e hiki ai i ka turbine.Hoʻonui ka wai i ke kaomi i kona kahe ʻana ma kēia paipu.
Turbine - Paʻi ka wai a hoʻohuli i nā lau nui o ka turbine, i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini hana ma luna ona ma ke ala o kahi kumu.ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka turbine no nā mea kanu hydropower ʻo Francis Turbine, ʻo ia ka mea e like me kahi diski nui me nā ʻaoʻao curved.Hiki i ka turbine ke kaumaha ma kahi o 172 tons a huli i ka wikiwiki o 90 revolutions per minute (rpm), e like me ka Foundation for Water & Energy Education (FWEE).
Nā Generators - Ke huli aʻe nā lau turbine, pēlā pū kekahi mau mea magnet i loko o ka mīkini hana.Hoʻololi nā māneta nunui i nā wili keleawe i hala, e hana ana i ke au hou (AC) ma ka neʻe ʻana i nā electrons.(E aʻo hou ʻoe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini hana ma hope.)
Transformer - ʻO ka mea hoʻololi i loko o ka hale mana e lawe i ka AC a hoʻololi iā ia i ka manawa kiʻekiʻe-voltage.
Nā laina mana – Mai loko mai o kēlā me kēia mea mana e puka mai ana ʻehā mau uea: ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o ka mana e hana ʻia i ka manawa like a me kahi kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka lepo maʻamau i nā mea ʻekolu.(E heluhelu i ka hana ʻana o ka Power Distribution Grids e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻouna laina mana.)
Kahe ʻana - Lawe ʻia ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia ma o nā paipu, i kapa ʻia ʻo tailraces, a komo hou i ka muliwai i lalo.
Manaʻo ʻia ka wai i loko o ka waihona i ka ikehu mālama.Ke wehe ʻia nā ʻīpuka, lilo ka wai e kahe ana ma ka penstock i ikehu kinetic no ka mea e neʻe ana.Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka uila e hana ʻia e kekahi mau kumu.ʻO ʻelua o ia mau mea ka nui o ke kahe wai a me ka nui o ke poʻo hydraulic.ʻO ke poʻo e pili ana i ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻili wai a me nā turbines.E like me ka piʻi ʻana o ke poʻo a me ke kahe, piʻi ka uila i hana ʻia.Pili ke poʻo i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka waihona.

Aia kekahi ʻano mea kanu wai wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hale mālama puna.I loko o kahi mea kanu hydropower maʻamau, kahe ka wai mai ka waihona i loko o ka mea kanu, puka i waho a lawe ʻia i lalo o ke kahawai.ʻElua mau pūnāwai i kahi mea kanu hoʻopaʻa ʻia:
Ka waihona wai luna – E like me ka mea kanu wai wai maʻamau, hana ka pā i kahi waihona.Kahe ka wai i loko o kēia waihona i loko o ka hale mana wai e hana i ka uila.
Waihona haʻahaʻa - Kahe ka wai e puka ana i waho o ka mea kanu wai i loko o kahi waihona haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke komo hou ʻana i ka muliwai a kahe i lalo.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka turbine hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia, hiki i ka mea kanu ke hoʻomoʻi i ka wai i ka waihona o luna.Hana ʻia kēia i nā hola o waho.ʻO ka mea nui, hoʻopiha hou ka lua i ka waihona luna.Ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wai i ka waihona o luna, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai o ka mea kanu e hoʻohua i ka uila i ka wā o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana.

Ka Mea Hana Hana
ʻO ka puʻuwai o ka mana hydroelectric ka mea hana.Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu hydropower kekahi o kēia mau mea hana.
ʻO ka generator, e like me kāu i manaʻo ai, hoʻopuka i ka uila.ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka hana ʻana i ka uila ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā ʻano magnets i loko o nā wili uea.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻoneʻe i nā electrons, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i ke au uila.
He 17 ka nui o na mea hoohehee i ka Hoover Dam, a hiki i ka 133 megawatts.ʻO 2,074 megawatts ka nui o ka mana wai o ka Hoover Dam.Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia mīkini hana i kekahi mau ʻāpana kumu:
ʻĀkau
Mea hoʻohauʻoli
Rotor
Stator
I ka huli ʻana o ka turbine, hoʻouna ka excitor i kahi au uila i ka rotor.ʻO ka rotor he pūʻulu o nā electromagnets nui e wili ana i loko o kahi wili keleawe paʻa paʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo stator.Hoʻokumu ke kahua magnetic ma waena o ka coil a me nā magnets i kahi au uila.
Ma ka Hoover Dam, e neʻe ana kahi au o 16,500 amps mai ka generator a hiki i ka transformer, kahi e piʻi ai ka manawa i 230,000 amps ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana.

Hoʻohana pono nā mea kanu wai wai i kahi hana kūlohelohe, hoʻomau mau - ke kaʻina hana e hāʻule ai ka ua a piʻi nā muliwai.I kēlā me kēia lā, nalowale ko mākou honua i kahi wai liʻiliʻi ma o ka lewa i ka wā e wāwahi ai nā kukuna ultraviolet i nā molekole wai.Akā i ka manawa like, hoʻopuka ʻia ka wai hou mai loko mai o ka Honua ma o ka hana lua pele.Ua like ka nui o ka wai i hana ʻia a me ka nui o ka wai i nalowale.
I kēlā me kēia manawa, aia ka nui o ka nui o ka wai o ka honua ma nā ʻano like ʻole.Hiki ke wai, e like me ka moana, nā muliwai a me ka ua;paʻa, e like me nā glaciers;aiʻole kinoea, e like me ka mahu wai i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka lewa.Hoʻololi ka wai i ka neʻe ʻana a puni ka honua e nā au makani.Hana ʻia nā au makani e ka hana mehana o ka lā.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōʻaiapuni o ka ea e ka lā e ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka equator ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
ʻO nā pōʻaiapuni o ka ea e hoʻokele i ka wai o ka Honua ma o kāna pōʻai ponoʻī, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hydrologic cycle.E like me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka lā i ka wai wai, e mahuka ka wai i loko o ka ea.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka lā i ka ea, e piʻi ana ka ea i ka lewa.ʻOi aku ke anuanu o ka ea ma luna, no laila ke piʻi aʻe ka mahu wai, maʻalili ia, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i nā kulu.Ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kulu liʻiliʻi ma kahi wahi, hiki ke kaumaha nā kulu a hāʻule hou i ka Honua ma ke ʻano he ua.
He mea nui ka pōʻaiapili hydrologic i nā mea kanu hydropower no ka mea pili lākou i ke kahe wai.Inā nele ka ua kokoke i ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole e ʻohi ka wai i uka.Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai e hōʻiliʻili i ke kahawai, emi ka wai e kahe ana i loko o ka hale mana wai a emi ka uila.