Generator Flywheel Effect thiab Stability ntawm Turbine Governor System

Generator Flywheel Effect thiab Stability ntawm turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel nyhuv thiab ruaj khov ntawm turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel nyhuv thiab ruaj khov ntawm turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel nyhuv thiab ruaj khov ntawm turbine Governor System
Cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub loj loj muaj qhov me me inertia tas li thiab yuav ntsib teeb meem txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm turbine tswj system.Qhov no yog vim tus cwj pwm ntawm cov dej turbine, uas vim nws inertia ua rau cov dej rauj hauv cov kav dej siab thaum tswj cov khoom siv.Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm hydraulic acceleration lub sij hawm tas li.Hauv kev ua haujlwm sib cais, thaum ntau zaus ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke txiav txim siab los ntawm turbine tus tswv xeev cov dej rauj cuam tshuam rau kev tswj xyuas ceev thiab tsis ruaj khov tshwm sim thaum yos hav zoov lossis zaus viav vias.Rau kev sib txuas ua haujlwm nrog lub kaw lus loj, qhov zaus yog qhov tseem ceeb tuav tas li tom qab.Cov dej rauj ces cuam tshuam lub hwj chim pub rau lub cev thiab qhov teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum lub hwj chim tswj nyob rau hauv lub voj kaw, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hydrogenerators uas koom nyob rau hauv ntau zaus kev cai.

Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm turbine tus tswv xeev iav tau cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuab nrawm nrawm tas li vim lub sijhawm hydraulic acceleration tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej loj thiab los ntawm qhov nce ntawm tus tswv xeev.Kev txo qis ntawm qhov piv txwv saum toj no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsim nyog yuav tsum txo qis ntawm tus tswv xeev nce, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau zaus stabilization.Raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus flywheel nyhuv rau rotating qhov chaw ntawm ib chav tsev hydro yog tsim nyog uas ib txwm muaj peev xwm tsuas yog muab nyob rau hauv lub generator.Hloov pauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nrawm tas li tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev muab lub siab nyem valve lossis lub tank surge, thiab lwm yam, tab sis feem ntau nws kim heev.Cov txheej txheem empirical rau kev ceev tswj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm chav tsev hydro generating tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov ceev ntawm chav tsev uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis lees paub ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuas load ntawm chav ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej.Rau lub hwj chim units ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv loj interconnected systems thiab uas yuav tsum tau los tswj lub system zaus, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ceev nce index raws li xam saum toj no yog xam tsis pub tshaj 45 feem pua.Rau cov tshuab me me kom ceev ceev yuav tsum tau muab (Saib Tshooj 4).

Ntu ntu ntev los ntawm kev nkag mus rau Dehar Fais Fab Cog
(Tau qhov twg los: Daim ntawv los ntawm Tus Sau - 2nd World Congress, International Water Resources Association 1979) Rau Dehar Fais Fab Cog, lub hydraulic siab dej system txuas qhov sib npaug cia nrog lub hwj chim chav tsev uas muaj dej kom tsawg, qhov siab, qhov sib txawv surge tank thiab penstock yog qhia. .Kev txwv qhov siab tshaj plaws nce siab hauv cov penstocks mus rau 35 feem pua ​​​​qhov kwv yees qhov siab tshaj plaws nce siab ntawm chav tsev thaum tsis lees txais tag nrho cov khoom ua haujlwm tawm mus txog 45 feem pua ​​​​nrog rau tus tswv xeev kaw.
lub sij hawm ntawm 9.1 vib nas this ntawm rated lub taub hau ntawm 282 m (925 ft) nrog cov nyhuv flywheel ib txwm ntawm cov rotating qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, tsau rau qhov ntsuas kub siab xwb).Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov nce nrawm tau pom tias tsis ntau tshaj 43 feem pua.Nws tau raug txiav txim siab tias cov nyhuv flywheel ib txwm tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm zaus ntawm qhov system.

Generator Parameters thiab hluav taws xob ruaj ntseg
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj cov kabmob ntawm kev ruaj ntseg yog cov nyhuv flywheel, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab luv luv Circuit Court piv.Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 420 kV EHV system raws li nyob rau hauv Dehar teeb meem ntawm stability yog lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb vim hais tias ntawm tsis muaj zog system, qis luv Circuit Court theem, kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim yam tseem ceeb, thiab xav tau kev lag luam nyob rau hauv kev muab kis tau tus mob qhov hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov loj me. parameters ntawm generating units.Kev tshawb fawb txog kev ruaj ntseg ua ntej ntawm lub network analyzer (siv qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua tom qab hloov pauv hloov pauv) rau Dehar EHV qhov system kuj tau qhia tias tsuas yog marginal stability yuav tau txais.Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm Dehar Fais Fab Cog nws tau txiav txim siab tias kev qhia cov tshuab hluav taws xob nrog ib txwm muaj
cov yam ntxwv thiab ua tiav cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm optimizing tsis muaj lwm yam cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov excitation system yuav yog kev lag luam pheej yig dua.Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm British System kuj tau pom tias kev hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev sib piv ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov npoo ruaj khov.Raws li ib txwm generator tsis raws li muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntxiv tau teev tseg rau lub generator.Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ruaj ntseg ntxaws tau muab

Kab Charging Capacity thiab Voltage Stability
Nyob deb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv los them cov kab EHV ntev uas nws them kVA ntau dua li cov kab them lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab, lub tshuab tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej zoo siab thiab qhov hluav taws xob nce siab tshaj qhov tswj tau.Cov xwm txheej rau tus kheej excitation yog tias xc < xd qhov twg, xc yog capacitive load reactance thiab xd synchronous direct axis reactance.Lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau them ib zaug xwb 420 kV unloaded kab E2 / xc mus rau Panipat (tau txais kawg) yog hais txog 150 MVARs ntawm rated voltage.Hauv theem thib ob thaum qhov thib ob 420 kV kab ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev tau teeb tsa, cov kab them lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau them rau ob qho tib si cov kab unloaded ib txhij ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav yog li 300 MVARs.

Cov kab them nyiaj muaj peev xwm muaj nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob los ntawm Dehar lub tshuab hluav taws xob raws li kev sib tham los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raws li hauv qab no:
(i) 70 feem pua ​​​​nyob MVA, piv txwv li, 121.8 MVAR kab them yog ua tau nrog qhov zoo kawg nkaus excitation ntawm 10 feem pua.
(ii) Txog li 87 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qhab nia MVA, piv txwv li, 139 MVAR kab them peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog qhov zoo siab yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 1 feem pua.
(iii) Txog li 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qhab nia MVAR, piv txwv li, 173.8 kab them peev xwm tuaj yeem tau txais nrog kwv yees li 5 feem pua ​​​​tsis zoo excitation thiab siab tshaj kab them peev xwm uas tuaj yeem tau txais nrog qhov tsis zoo excitation ntawm 10 feem pua ​​​​yog 110 feem pua ​​​​ntawm MVA (191 MVAR ) raws li BSS.
(iv) Kev nce ntxiv hauv kab them peev xwm tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm kev nce qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm (ii) thiab (iii) tes tswj ntawm excitation yog tsis tau thiab tag nrho kev cia siab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ua hauj lwm ntawm ceev acting tsis siv neeg voltage regulators.Nws tsis yog ib qho kev lag luam uas muaj peev xwm ua tau los yog xav tau kom nce qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nce cov kab them nyiaj.Raws li kev xav txog kev khiav hauj lwm hauv thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws tau txiav txim siab los muab cov kab them nqi ntawm 191 MVARs ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm kev muab qhov tsis zoo rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm qhov kawg tau txais.Qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim vim lub peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm lub tshuab uas cuam tshuam ntxiv los ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Tus kheej excitation thiab voltage instability yuav tshwm sim yog tias.

Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)
Qhov twg, Xc yog capacitive load reactance, Xq yog quadrature axis synchronous reactance thiab n yog tus txheeb ze tshaj qhov ceev uas tshwm sim ntawm load rejection.Qhov xwm txheej no ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob Dehar tau thov kom ua tsis tiav los ntawm kev muab txuas mus tas li 400 kV EHV shunt reactor (75 MVA) tom qab tau txais qhov kawg ntawm kab raws li kev tshawb fawb ntxaws.

Damper winding
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub damper winding yog nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv ntau dhau-voltages nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kab mus rau kab txhaum nrog lub peev xwm loads, yog li txo qis tshaj-voltage kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov khoom siv.Kev txiav txim siab rau qhov chaw nyob deb nroog thiab cov kab sib txuas ntev ntev txuas txuas txuas nrog damper windings nrog qhov sib piv ntawm quadrature thiab ncaj axis reactances Xnq / Xnd tsis tshaj 1.2 tau teev tseg.

Generator Yam ntxwv thiab Excitation System
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov yam ntxwv ib txwm tau teev tseg thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau qhia tias tsuas yog marginal stability, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau siv los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg margins thiaj li ua tiav tag nrho cov kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv.Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws tau ua tiav los txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub thiab tau tham hauv tshooj 10.

Kev txiav txim siab seismic
Dehar fais fab nroj tsuag ntog nyob rau hauv seismic cheeb tsam.Ua raws li cov kev cai hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ntawm Dehar tau thov hauv kev sab laj nrog cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ua tib zoo xav txog cov seismic thiab geological tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Koyna Earthquake Experts Committee tsim los ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm Is Nrias teb nrog kev pab los ntawm UNESCO.

Mechanical Strength
Dehar generators tau tsim los tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws av qeeg acceleration quab yuam ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav txoj kev xav tau ntawm Dehar ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab.

Ntuj zaus
Ntuj zaus ntawm lub tshuab yuav khaws cia kom zoo nyob deb (siab dua) los ntawm qhov sib nqus zaus ntawm 100 Hz (ob zaug ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob zaus).Lub ntuj zaus no yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov av qeeg zaus thiab raug kuaj xyuas kom muaj cov npoo txaus tiv thaiv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm av qeeg thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib hloov.

Generator stator txhawb nqa
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob stator thiab qis thrust thiab qhia bearing foundations muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib tug daim hlau.Cov paib ib leeg yuav khi rau lub hauv paus tom qab ntxiv rau cov kev taw qhia ntsug ntawm lub hauv paus bolts.

Qhia Bearing Design
Qhia bearings kom yog hom segmental thiab cov lus qhia bearings yuav tsum muaj zog kom tiv taus av qeeg tag nrho.Cov neeg tsim khoom tau pom zoo ntxiv kom khi rau sab saum toj bracket tom qab nrog lub chim (generator enclosure) los ntawm cov hlau girders.Qhov no kuj txhais tau hais tias lub pob zeb pob zeb nyob rau hauv lem yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog.

Vibration Detection ntawm Generators
Kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev vibration lossis eccentricity meters ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau pom zoo kom muab ntsia rau kev pib kaw thiab lub tswb yog tias qhov kev vibrations vim av qeeg ntau dua tus nqi predetermined.Cov cuab yeej no kuj tseem siv tau hauv kev tshawb pom cov kev co ntawm ib pawg vim cov xwm txheej zoo rau cov kev mob hydraulic cuam tshuam rau lub turbine.

Mercury Contacts
Kev co hnyav vim av qeeg yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau kev pib kaw ntawm chav tsev yog tias siv cov tshuaj mercury.Qhov no tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm kev hais qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev vibration hom mercury keyboards lossis yog tias pom tias tsim nyog los ntawm kev ntxiv sijhawm relays.

Cov lus xaus
(1) Kev lag luam loj hauv tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov qauv ntawm Dehar Fais Fab Kev cog lus tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov chav loj loj kom pom qhov loj ntawm daim phiaj thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam rau qhov system spare peev.
(2) Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob raug txo los ntawm kev siv lub kaus tsim ntawm kev tsim kho uas tam sim no ua tau rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj loj vim yog kev txhim kho cov hlau tensile siab rau rotor rim xuas nrig ntaus.
(3) Kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws tom qab cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws tau ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj ntxiv.
(4) Cov nyhuv flywheel ib txwm muaj ntawm qhov sib hloov ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw tswj hwm zaus ntawm Dehar tau suav tias yog qhov txaus rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm turbine tswv xeev vim tias muaj kev sib tshuam loj.
(5) Cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tej thaj chaw deb pub EHV tes hauj lwm los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov lus teb ceev ceev static excitation systems.
(6) Lub tshuab ua kom nrawm nrawm tuaj yeem muab qhov tsim nyog ruaj khov.Xws li cov tshuab, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg pub rov qab cov cim rau kev ua tiav tom qab qhov tsis raug cai.Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws yuav tsum tau ua.
(7) Tus kheej-excitation thiab voltage instability ntawm tej thaj chaw deb generators interconnected nrog daim phiaj los ntawm ntev EHV kab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev nce kab them lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov tsis zoo excitation thiab / lossis los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txuas mus tas li EHV shunt reactors.
(8) Cov kev pabcuam tuaj yeem ua rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab nws lub hauv paus los muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv seismic ntawm cov nqi me me.

Main Parameters ntawm Dehar Generators
Short Circuit Ratio = 1.06
Transient Reactance Direct Axis = 0.2
Flywheel Effect = 39.5 x 106 lb ft2
Xnq/Xnd tsis ntau dua = 1.2