Gburugburu ụwa, ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri na-emepụta ihe dị ka pasent 24 nke ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa ma na-enye ihe karịrị ijeri mmadụ otu ijeri ọkụ eletrik.Ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri dị n'ụwa na-emepụta mkpokọta 675,000 megawatts, ike nke ya na ijeri barel mmanụ 3.6, dịka National Renewable Energy Laboratory si kwuo.Enwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri 2,000 na-arụ ọrụ na United States, na-eme ka ike mmiri dị ka isi iyi ume ọhụrụ nke mba ahụ.
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-eleba anya n'otú mmiri na-ada ada si emepụta ume ma mụta banyere usoro hydrologic nke na-emepụta mmiri na-asọpụta dị mkpa maka ike mmiri.Ị ga-ahụkwa n'otu ngwa pụrụ iche nke ike mmiri nwere ike imetụta ndụ gị kwa ụbọchị.
Mgbe ị na-ekiri ka osimiri na-agafe, ọ na-esiri ike iche n'echiche ike ọ na-ebu.Ọ bụrụ na ị na-emebu rafting na-acha ọcha-mmiri, mgbe ahụ ị hụla ntakịrị akụkụ nke ike osimiri ahụ.A na-emepụta ngwa ngwa na-acha ọcha-mmiri dị ka osimiri, na-ebu nnukwu mmiri na-agbada, na-esi na ụzọ dị warara dị warara.Ka a na-amanye osimiri ahụ site na oghere a, ọ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ.Iju mmiri bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke ike dị ukwuu nke mmiri nwere ike inwe.
Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ mmiri na-eji ike mmiri eme ihe ma na-eji ígwè ọrụ dị mfe mee ka ike ahụ ghọọ ọkụ eletrik.Osisi ike mmiri na-adabere n'echiche dị mfe - mmiri na-asọ site na mmiri mmiri na-atụgharị turbine, nke na-atụgharị na-emepụta ihe.
Nke a bụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ike ikuku:
Dam - Ọtụtụ osisi ike mmiri na-adabere na mmiri mmiri na-egbochi mmiri, na-emepụta nnukwu mmiri mmiri.Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji ọdọ mmiri a eme ihe dị ka ọdọ mmiri ntụrụndụ, dị ka Lake Roosevelt na Grand Coulee Dam na Washington State.
Ntinye - Ọnụ ụzọ ámá na dam na-emeghe na ike ndọda na-adọta mmiri site na penstock, pipeline nke na-eduga na turbine.Mmiri na-ebuli elu ka ọ na-esi na ọkpọkọ a na-agafe.
Turbine - Mmiri na-adaba ma na-atụgharị nnukwu oghere nke turbine, nke a na-ejikọta ya na generator n'elu ya site na okporo osisi.Ụdị turbine a na-ahụkarị maka osisi ike mmiri bụ Francis Turbine, nke dị ka nnukwu diski nwere eriri gbagọrọ agbagọ.Turbine nwere ike tụọ ihe ruru tọn 172 wee tụgharịa n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mgbanwe 90 n'otu nkeji (rpm), dị ka Foundation for Water & Energy Education (FWEE).
Ndị na-emepụta ọkụ - Dị ka agụba turbine na-atụgharị, otu ahụ ka usoro magnet dị n'ime generator.Nnukwu ihe ndọta na-atụgharị eriri ọla kọpa gara aga, na-emepụta ihe dị ugbu a (AC) site na igwe eletrọn.(Ị ga-amụtakwu gbasara ka generator si arụ ọrụ ma emechaa.)
Transformer - Onye ntụgharị dị n'ime ụlọ ọkụ na-ewe AC wee gbanwee ya na voltaji dị elu ugbu a.
Ahịrị ọkụ - N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ ọ bụla na-abịa wires anọ: usoro atọ nke ike a na-emepụta n'otu oge gbakwunyere nnọpụiche ma ọ bụ ala nke atọ niile.(Gụọ ka grids nkesa ike si arụ ọrụ ka ịmatakwu gbasara nnyefe ahịrị ọkụ.)
Ọpụpụ - A na-ebu mmiri eji eme ihe site na pipeline, nke a na-akpọ ọdụ ọdụ, wee banyeghachi n'osimiri mgbada.
A na-ewere mmiri dị n'ime ebe nchekwa nchekwa ike.Mgbe ọnụ ụzọ ámá meghere, mmiri na-asọfe na penstock na-aghọ ike ike n'ihi na ọ na-emegharị.A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ ọkụ eletrik nke a na-emepụta site n'ọtụtụ ihe.Abụọ n'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ oke mmiri na-asọba na ọnụ ọgụgụ isi hydraulic.Isi na-ezo aka n'ebe dị anya n'etiti elu mmiri na turbines.Ka isi na eruba na-abawanye, otú ahụ ka ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta.Isi na-adaberekarị na oke mmiri dị na ọdọ mmiri.
E nwere ụdị ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ ebe a na-echekwa ihe ọkụkụ.N'ebe a na-emepụta mmiri mmiri na-emekarị, mmiri na-esi na mmiri na-asọba na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na-apụ ma na-ebuga ya.Osisi a na-akwakọba ihe nwere mmiri mmiri abụọ:
Mmiri mmiri dị n'elu - Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-emepụta ihe, mmiri mmiri na-emepụta mmiri mmiri.Mmiri dị n'ime mmiri a na-esi na ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.
Ebe nchekwa mmiri dị ala - Mmiri na-apụ na ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị ala karịa ịbanye n'osimiri ahụ ma na-asọba na ala.
N'iji turbine na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe ọkụkụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbanye mmiri azụ n'ime mmiri dị n'elu.A na-eme nke a n'oge awa adịghị anya.N'ụzọ bụ isi, mmiri mmiri nke abụọ na-ejupụta n'elu mmiri mmiri.Site n'ịkwanye mmiri na mmiri dị n'elu, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ mmiri iji mee ka ọkụ eletrik n'oge oge oriri kacha elu.
The Generator
Obi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik bụ generator.Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri nwere ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-emepụta ọkụ.
Generator, dị ka ị nwere ike chepụta, na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.Usoro bụ isi nke ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụzọ dị otú a bụ ịtụgharị ọtụtụ magnet n'ime eriri waya.Usoro a na-akpali electrons, nke na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.
The Hoover Dam nwere ngụkọta nke generators 17, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike iwepụta ihe ruru 133 megawatts.Ngụkọta ikike ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri Hoover Dam bụ megawatts 2,074.A na-eji akụkụ ụfọdụ emee generator ọ bụla:
Osisi
Excitor
Rotor
Stator
Ka turbine na-atụgharị, excitor na-eziga ọkụ eletrik na rotor.Rotor bụ usoro nnukwu electromagnets nke na-atụgharị n'ime eriri ọla kọpa nwere mmerụ ahụ, nke a na-akpọ stator.Ebe ndọta n'etiti eriri igwe na ihe ndọta na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.
Na Hoover Dam, ihe dị ugbu a nke 16,500 amps na-esi na generator gaa na transformer, ebe nke ugbu a na-agbago ruo 230,000 amps tupu ebufee ya.
Ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri na-eji ohere nke usoro na-eme n'okike, na-aga n'ihu - usoro na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo dao na osimiri na-ebili.Kwa ụbọchị, ụwa anyị na-atụfu ntakịrị mmiri site na ikuku ka ụzarị ultraviolet na-agbaji ụmụ irighiri mmiri.Ma n'otu oge ahụ, mmiri ọhụrụ na-esi n'ime ime ụwa pụta site na mgbawa ugwu.Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri e kere na oke mmiri nke furu efu bụ otu ihe ahụ.
N'otu oge, oke mmiri nke ụwa dị n'ụdị dị iche iche.Ọ nwere ike ịbụ mmiri mmiri, dị ka n'oké osimiri, osimiri na mmiri ozuzo;siri ike, dị ka ọ dị na glaciers;ma ọ bụ gaseous, dị ka mmiri na-adịghị ahụ anya na ikuku.Mmiri na-agbanwe na steeti ka ọ na-ebugharị gburugburu ụwa site na iyi ifufe.A na-ebute oke ikuku site na ọrụ kpo oku nke anyanwụ.A na-emepụta okirikiri ikuku nke ugbu a site na anyanwụ na-enwu karịa n'akụkụ equator karịa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mbara ala.
Usoro ikuku nke ugbu a na-ebufe mmiri nke ụwa site na okirikiri nke ya, nke a na-akpọ okirikiri hydrologic.Ka anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ mmiri mmiri, mmiri ahụ na-ekupụ n'ime ikuku.Anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eme ka ikuku na-ebili na mbara igwe.Ikuku dị elu karịa oyi, ya mere, ka ikuku mmiri na-ebili, ọ na-ajụ oyi, na-agbanye n'ime ụmụ irighiri mmiri.Mgbe ụmụ irighiri mmiri zuru oke na-agbakọta n'otu mpaghara, ụmụ irighiri mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịdị arọ nke ga-adaghachi azụ n'ụwa dịka mmiri ozuzo.
The hydrologic okirikiri dị mkpa na hydropower osisi n'ihi na ha na-adabere na mmiri eruba.Ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmiri ozuzo n'akụkụ osisi ahụ, mmiri agaghị agbago elu.Na-enweghị mmiri na-anakọta iyi, obere mmiri na-esi na ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri na-emepụta obere ọkụ eletrik.
Oge nzipu: Jul-07-2021
