1 Okwu mmalite
Gọvanọ Turbine bụ otu n'ime akụrụngwa abụọ bụ isi na-achịkwa mpaghara mmiri ọkụ.Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke nhazi ọsọ ọsọ, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ dị iche iche ngbanwe ọnọdụ ọrụ na ugboro ugboro, ike, akụkụ akụkụ na njikwa ndị ọzọ nke hydroelectric na-emepụta nkeji ma na-echebe ụkwụ mmiri.Ọrụ nke generator set.Ndị gọvanọ Turbine agafeela usoro mmepe atọ: ndị gọvanọ hydraulic igwe, ndị gọvanọ electro-hydraulic na microcomputer dijitalụ hydraulic Governors.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a kpọbatara ndị na-ahụ maka mmemme n'ime usoro njikwa ngwa ngwa turbine, nke nwere ikike mgbochi mgbochi siri ike na ntụkwasị obi dị elu;mmemme na ọrụ dị mfe ma dị mfe;Ọdịdị modular, ezigbo mgbanwe, mgbanwe na nhazi dị mma;Ọ nwere uru nke ọrụ nchịkwa siri ike na ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala;enyochala ya nke ọma.
N'ime akwụkwọ a, a na-atụ aro nyocha nke PLC hydraulic turbine dual correct system, na onye na-ahụ maka mmemme na-eme ka ọ ghọta mgbanwe abụọ nke vane ndu na paddle, nke na-eme ka nhazi nhazi nke vane ndu na vane dị iche iche. isi mmiri.Omume na-egosi na usoro nchịkwa abụọ na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nke ike mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mma.
2. Usoro nhazi nke turbine
2.1 Sistemụ njikwa turbine
Ọrụ bụ isi nke usoro njikwa ọsọ nke turbine bụ ịgbanwe oghere nke vanes ndu nke turbine ya site n'aka gọvanọ mgbe ibu nke usoro ike na-agbanwe na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke unit ahụ na-agbanwe, nke mere na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke turbine. A na-edobe ya n'ime ebe a kapịrị ọnụ, ka o wee mee ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ.Ike mmepụta na ugboro ole na-emezu ihe onye ọrụ chọrọ.Enwere ike kewaa ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke nhazi turbine na nhazi ọsọ ọsọ, njikwa ike na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi ọkwa mmiri.
2.2 Ụkpụrụ nke nhazi turbine
Otu hydro-generator bụ otu nke etolite site na ijikọ hydro-turbine na generator.Akụkụ na-atụgharị nke igwe hydro-generator bụ ahụ siri ike nke na-agbagharị gburugburu axis a kapịrị ọnụ, enwere ike ịkọwa nha ya site na nhata ndị a:
Na usoro
——Oge inertia nke akụkụ na-atụgharị nke otu (Kg m2)
——Ọsọ nke akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị (rad/s)
——Turbine torque (N/m), gụnyere generator n'ibu na ọkụ eletrik.
——Generator iguzogide torque, nke na-ezo aka na-eme ihe ike nke generator stator na rotor, ya ntụziaka na-emegide n'usoro ntụgharị, na-anọchi anya generator na-arụ ọrụ ike mmepụta, ya bụ, size nke ibu.
Mgbe ibu ahụ gbanwere, oghere nke vane nduzi na-anọgide na-agbanweghị, na ngwa ngwa unit ka nwere ike ịkwado ya na ụfọdụ uru.N'ihi na ọsọ ahụ ga-agbapụ site na ọnụ ahịa a kwadoro, ọ gaghị ezuru ịdabere na nhazi nhazi nke onwe ya iji nọgide na-agba ọsọ.Iji mee ka ọsọ nke unit ahụ dị na ọnụahịa mbụ a kwadoro mgbe ibu ahụ gbanwere, enwere ike ịhụ ya site na eserese 1 na ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe ụzọ vane na-emeghe ya.Mgbe ibu ahụ na-ebelata, mgbe nkwụsị nke nkwụsị na-agbanwe site na 1 ruo 2, oghere nke vane ndu ga-ebelata na 1, a ga-echekwa ọsọ nke unit ahụ.Ya mere, na mgbanwe nke ibu ahụ, a na-agbanwe oghere nke usoro nduzi mmiri n'otu n'otu, nke mere na a na-edobe ngwa ngwa nke hydro-generator na uru a kara aka, ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe dịka iwu a kara aka.Usoro a bụ nhazi ngwa ngwa nke otu hydro-generator., ma ọ bụ usoro turbine.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine dual nhazi usoro
Gọvanọ turbine bụ ijikwa oghere nke vanes nduzi mmiri iji dozie ntinye n'ime onye na-agba ọsọ nke turbine, si otú ahụ na-agbanwe ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke turbine na ịchịkwa ugboro nke turbine unit.Otú ọ dị, n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ nke axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, gọvanọ kwesịrị ọ bụghị nanị na-edozi oghere nke vanes ndu, ma na-edozi n'akuku nke na-agba ọsọ agụba dị ka ọrịa strok na mmiri isi uru nke ndu vane na-eso ụzọ. nke mere na vane ndu na vane ejikọrọ.Nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta nkwado n'etiti ha, ya bụ, mmekọrịta nhazi, nke nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke turbine, belata cavitation agụba na ịma jijiji nke unit ahụ, ma welie nkwụsi ike nke ọrụ nke turbine.
Ngwaike nke sistemu turbine vane njikwa PLC bụ akụkụ abụọ mejupụtara, ya bụ PLC njikwa na hydraulic servo system.Mbụ, ka anyị tụlee nhazi ngwaike nke PLC njikwa.
3.1 PLC njikwa
Onye njikwa PLC na-abụkarị nke ntinye ntinye, ngalaba PLC na ngalaba mmepụta.Usoro ntinye bụ nke modul A/D na modul ntinye dijitalụ, na ihe mmepụta ihe mejupụtara D/A modul na modul ntinye dijitalụ.Onye na-ahụ maka PLC nwere ihe ngosi dijitalụ LED maka nleba anya ozugbo nke usoro PID sistemu, ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane, ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane na uru isi mmiri.A na-enyekwa voltmeter analọgụ iji nyochaa ọnọdụ onye na-eso ụzọ vane ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa microcomputer dara.
3.2 Usoro nleba anya hydraulic
Sistemụ servo hydraulic bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemu njikwa turbine vane.Mgbama mmepụta nke onye njikwa na-abawanye hydraulically iji chịkwaa mmegharị nke onye na-eso vane, si otú a na-edozi akụkụ nke oghere ndị na-agba ọsọ.Anyị nakweere nchikota nke proportional valvụ njikwa isi nrụgide valve ụdị electro-hydraulic njikwa usoro na igwe omenala-hydraulic njikwa usoro iji mepụta usoro njikwa hydraulic yiri nke electro-hydraulic proportional valve na igwe-hydraulic valve dị ka egosiri na Figure 2. Hydraulic na-esote. - elu usoro maka turbine agụba.
Usoro nleba anya nke hydraulic maka turbine agụba
Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka PLC, valvụ electro-hydraulic proportional valve na ihe mmetụta ọnọdụ bụ ihe nkịtị, a na-eji usoro PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system iji mezie usoro turbine vane, uru nzaghachi ọnọdụ na uru njikwa njikwa na-ebufe site na akara eletriki, na A na-ahazi akara ngosi site na njikwa PLC., Nhazi na ime mkpebi, gbanwee oghere valve nke isi ihe nkesa nrụgide site na valvụ nha nha iji chịkwaa ọnọdụ nke onye na-eso ụzọ vane, ma nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta n'etiti vane ndu, isi mmiri na vane.Sistemụ turbine vane nke electro-hydraulic proportal valve na-achịkwa nwere oke mmekọrịta dị elu, usoro sistemu dị mfe, nguzogide mmetọ mmanụ siri ike, yana dabara adaba na njikwa PLC iji mepụta sistemụ njikwa akpaka microcomputer.
N'ihi njide nke usoro njikọ njikọ, na ọnọdụ njikwa nha nha nke electro-hydraulic, usoro njikọ nke igwe na-arụkwa ọrụ n'otu oge iji soro ọnọdụ ọrụ nke sistemụ ahụ.Ọ bụrụ na PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ada, valvụ na-agbanwe ga-eme ihe ozugbo, na usoro njikọ n'ibu nwere ike soro ọnọdụ na-agba ọsọ nke usoro njikwa nha nha nke electro-hydraulic.Mgbe ị na-agbanwe, mmetụta sistemu dị ntakịrị, na sistemu vane nwere ike ịgafe nke ọma na ọnọdụ njikwa igwe na-ekwe nkwa ntụkwasị obi nke sistemụ arụmọrụ.
Mgbe anyị na-emepụta sekit hydraulic, anyị na-emegharị valvụ ahụ nke valvụ njikwa hydraulic, nha nha nke valvụ ahụ na ogwe aka valve, nha njikọ nke valvụ ahụ na valvụ nrụgide bụ isi, na igwe arụ ọrụ nha nha. mkpanaka njikọ n'etiti valvụ hydraulic na valvụ nkesa nrụgide bụ isi dị ka nke mbụ.Naanị akụkụ valvụ nke valvụ hydraulic kwesịrị ka edochie ya n'oge echichi, ọ dịghịkwa akụkụ ndị ọzọ ka a ga-agbanwe.Ọdịdị nke usoro njikwa hydraulic dum dị oke ọnụ.Na ndabere nke ijikwa usoro ihe nrụnye igwe kpamkpam, a na-agbakwunye usoro njikwa nha nke electro-hydraulic iji kwado interface ya na onye njikwa PLC iji ghọta njikwa mmekọrịta dijitalụ ma melite nhazi nhazi nke sistemu turbine vane.;Na ntinye na nhazi usoro nke usoro ahụ dị nnọọ mfe, nke na-ebelata oge nkwụsị nke hydraulic turbine unit, na-eme ka mgbanwe nke usoro nchịkwa hydraulic nke hydraulic turbine, ma nwee ezigbo uru bara uru.N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ n'ezie na saịtị ahụ, ndị injinia na ndị ọrụ nka nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado usoro ahụ nke ọma, a kwenyere na ọ nwere ike gbasaa ma tinye ya na usoro hydraulic servo nke gọvanọ nke ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
3.3 Usoro ngwanrọ sistemu na usoro mmejuputa iwu
N'ime usoro turbine vane nke PLC na-achịkwa, a na-eji usoro mmekọrịta dijitalụ mee ihe iji ghọta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta n'etiti vanes nduzi, isi mmiri na oghere vane.E jiri ya tụnyere usoro mmekọrịta ọdịnala ọdịnala, usoro mmekọrịta dijitalụ nwere uru dị mfe trimming paramita, Ọ nwere uru nke nbipu na mmezi dị mma, yana ezigbo njikọ.Nhazi sọftụwia nke sistemu njikwa vane bụ nke kachasị nke mmemme ọrụ mmezi sistemu, mmemme njikwa algọridim na mmemme nyocha.N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-atụle ụzọ mmezu nke akụkụ atọ dị n'elu nke mmemme ahụ n'otu n'otu.Mmemme ọrụ ngbanwe na-agụnyekarị subroutine nke synergy, subroutine nke ịmalite vane, subroutine nke ịkwụsị vane na subroutine nke ịwụfu vane.Mgbe usoro ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ebu ụzọ chọpụta ma na-ekpe ikpe ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ ugbu a, wee malite ngbanwe ngwanrọ, na-arụ ọrụ ngbanwe kwekọrọ na subroutine, ma gbakọọ ọnọdụ enyere uru nke onye na-eso vane.
(1) Association subroutine
Site n'ule ihe nlereanya nke ngwa turbine, enwere ike nweta ogbe nke ihe a tụrụ atụ na elu nkwonkwo.A na-eme igwefoto nkwonkwo ọdịnala na-adabere na isi ihe ndị a tụrụ, na usoro njikọ dijitalụ na-ejikwa isi ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ see otu akụkụ akụkụ nke njikọ.Ịhọrọ ihe ndị a ma ama na njikọ njikọ dị ka ọnụ ọnụ, na ịnakwere usoro nke ntinye ọnụ n'ahịrị linear nke ọrụ ọnụọgụ abụọ, enwere ike nweta uru ọrụ nke ndị na-abụghị ọnụ na ahịrị a nke njikọ.
(2) Vane mmalite subroutine
Ebumnuche nke ịmụ iwu mmalite bụ iji belata oge mmalite nke unit ahụ, belata ibu nke ntinye ihe, na ịmepụta ọnọdụ njikọ grid maka unit generator.
(3) Vane stop subroutine
Iwu mmechi nke vanes bụ ndị a: mgbe onye na-ahụ maka njikwa na-anata iwu nkwụsị, a na-emechi vanes na vanes nduzi n'otu oge dị ka mmekọrịta nkwado siri dị iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke unit ahụ: mgbe onye na-eduzi oghere oghere dị obere. karịa oghere na-enweghị ibu, vanes lag Mgbe a na-emechi vane ndu nwayọọ nwayọọ, mmekọrịta nkwado dị n'etiti vane na vane ndu anaghịzi echekwa;mgbe ọsọ otu nkeji dara n'okpuru 80% nke ọsọ a tụrụ atụ, a na-emepe vane ahụ n'akụkụ mmalite Φ0, dị njikere maka mmalite mmalite na-esote.
(4) agụba ibu jụrụ subroutine
Ịjụ ibu ibu pụtara na unit nwere ibu na mberede kwụsịrị na ike okporo, na-eme ka unit na mmiri ntughari usoro na a ọjọọ arụ ọrụ ala, nke metụtara kpọmkwem na nchekwa nke ike osisi na unit.Mgbe a na-awụsa ibu ahụ, onye ọchịchị na-adaba na ngwaọrụ nchebe, nke na-eme ka vanes na vanes ndị nduzi na-emechi ozugbo ruo mgbe ọsọ unit na-adaba na nso nso nke ọsọ ọsọ.nkwụsi ike.Ya mere, n'ebe a na-awụfu ibu, a na-emeghekarị vanes n'otu akụkụ.A na-enweta oghere a site na ule nkwụsị ibu nke ọdụ ọkụ n'ezie.Ọ nwere ike hụ na mgbe unit ahụ na-awụpụ ibu, ọ bụghị nanị na mmụba ọsọ dị ntakịrị, kamakwa unit ahụ dị ntakịrị..
4 Nkwubi okwu
N'ihi ọnọdụ teknụzụ dị ugbu a nke ụlọ ọrụ Gọvanọ hydraulic turbine nke obodo m, akwụkwọ a na-ezo aka na ozi ọhụrụ na ngalaba njikwa ngwa ngwa hydraulic turbine n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, ma na-etinye teknụzụ mmemme mmemme (PLC) na njikwa ọsọ ọsọ nke hydraulic turbine generator set.Onye na-ahụ maka mmemme (PLC) bụ isi nke sistemu usoro nhazi nke turbine nke ụdị axial-flow paddle.Ngwa bara uru na-egosi na atụmatụ a na-eme ka nhazi nke ọma dị n'etiti vane ndu na vane maka ọnọdụ isi mmiri dị iche iche, ma na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nke ike mmiri na-arụ ọrụ.
Oge nzipu: Feb-11-2022
