Nchekwa mgbapụta bụ teknụzụ kachasị eji eme ihe na tozuru oke na nchekwa nchekwa ike dị ukwuu, yana ikike arụnyere nke ọdụ ọkụ nwere ike iru gigawatts.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nchekwa nchekwa ike kachasị tozuru oke na nke kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa bụ mmiri mmiri.
Teknụzụ nchekwa na-agbapụta agbagoro tozuru oke ma kwụsie ike, nwere uru zuru oke, a na-ejikarị ya maka nhazi oke na nkwado ndabere.Nchekwa mgbapụta bụ teknụzụ kachasị eji eme ihe na tozuru oke na nchekwa nchekwa ike dị ukwuu, yana ikike arụnyere nke ọdụ ọkụ nwere ike iru gigawatts.
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu nke kọmitii ọkachamara nchekwa nchekwa ike nke China Energy Research Association si kwuo, pumped hydro bụ ugbu a nke kachasị tozuru okè na nke kachasị arụnyere nchekwa ike n'ụwa.N'ihe dị ka afọ 2019, ikike nchekwa ike ọrụ nke ụwa ruru nde kilowatt 180, na ike arụnyere nke ike nchekwa mgbapụta karịrị nde kilowatt 170, na-aza 94% nke mkpokọta nchekwa ike ụwa.
Ebe a na-echekwa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji ọkụ eletrik eme n'oge oge dị ala nke usoro ike na-agbanye mmiri n'ebe dị elu maka nchekwa, na ịhapụ mmiri iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik n'oge oge ibu dị elu.Mgbe ibu dị ala, ebe nchekwa nchekwa mgbapụta bụ onye ọrụ;mgbe ibu dị elu, ọ bụ ike ọkụ.
Ụlọ nchekwa a na-agbapụta nwere ọrụ abụọ bụ isi: ịkwanye mmiri na ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik.Ngalaba ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka turbine mmiri mgbe ibu nke usoro ike dị na elu ya.The oghere nke ndu vane nke mmiri turbine na-gbanwee site gọvanọ usoro, na ike ike nke mmiri na-converted n'ime n'ibu ike nke unit adiana, na mgbe ahụ n'ibu ike na-converted n'ime ọkụ eletrik site generator;
Mgbe ibu nke usoro ike dị ala, a na-eji mgbapụta mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri site na mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala gaa n'elu.Site na ngbanwe akpaaka nke usoro gọvanọ, a na-emezi oghere ụzọ vane na-akpaghị aka dị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta, na ike eletrik na-agbanwe n'ime ike ike mmiri ma chekwaa ya..
Ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta agbagoro na-ahụ maka nhazi kachasị elu, ụkpụrụ ugboro ugboro, nkwado ndabere na mpaghara oji nke sistemụ ike, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ma dozie ibu nke sistemu ike, melite ogo ọkọnọ ike na uru akụ na ụba nke sistemu ike, yana bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nchekwa, akụ na ụba na kwụsiri ike nke grid ike..A na-akpọ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka "ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa", "ndị na-achịkwa" na "balancers" na arụ ọrụ nchekwa nke grids ọkụ.
Usoro mmepe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta ụwa bụ isi dị elu, nnukwu ikike na oke ọsọ.Isi elu pụtara na unit ahụ na-etolite n'isi dị elu, nnukwu ikike pụtara na ikike nke otu unit na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye ụba, na oke ọsọ pụtara na unit ahụ na-enweta ọsọ ọsọ dị elu.
Ọdịdị ọdụ ike na njirimara
Ụlọ ndị bụ isi nke ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta n'ozuzu gụnyere: ọdọ mmiri dị elu, ebe nchekwa ala, usoro nnyefe mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche.E jiri ya tụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydropower ndị a na-ahụkarị, ihe arụrụ arụ hydraulic nke ọdụ ike nchekwa mgbapụta nwere njirimara bụ isi ndị a:
Enwere ọdọ mmiri dị elu na nke ala.E jiri ya tụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydropower nke nwere otu ikike arụnyere, ikike nchekwa mmiri nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ na-adịkarị obere.
Ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri na-agbanwe nke ukwuu ma na-ebili ma daa ugboro ugboro.Iji malite ọrụ nke ịkpụcha elu na ndochi ndagwurugwu na grid ike, mgbanwe kwa ụbọchị nke ọkwa mmiri mmiri nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta na-abụkarị nnukwu ibu, n'ozuzu ya na-agafe mita 10-20, na ụfọdụ ọdụ ọkụ na-eru 30- 40 mita, na ọnụego nke mgbanwe nke reservoir mmiri larịị bụ dịtụ ngwa ngwa, n'ozuzu eru 5 ~ 8m / h, na ọbụna 8 ~ 10m / h.
Chọrọ mgbochi mgbochi mmiri mmiri dị elu.Ọ bụrụ na ebe nchekwa nchekwa dị ọcha na-eme ka mmiri dị ukwuu na-efunahụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke mmiri mmiri dị n'elu, a ga-ebelata ike ike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.N'otu oge ahụ, iji gbochie nsị mmiri site na ọnọdụ hydrogeological na-emebi emebi na mpaghara ọrụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-emebi emebi na ntinye uche, a na-etinyekwa ihe ndị dị elu na mgbochi mmiri mmiri.
Isi mmiri dị elu.Onye isi nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta ọkụ na-adịkarị elu, ọkachasị 200-800 mita.Ebe nchekwa nchekwa Jixi nke nwere ikike arụnyere nde kilowatt 1.8 bụ ọrụ ngalaba isi 650 nke mbụ nke obodo m, yana ebe nchekwa nchekwa Dunhua nwere ikike arụnyere nde kilowatt 1.4 bụ mba m mbụ 700- mita isi ngalaba oru ngo.Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ nchekwa na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi dị elu, nnukwu ikike ikike na mba m ga-abawanye.
A na-etinye unit ahụ na elu dị ala.Iji merie mmetụta nke ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ụlọ ọkụ, nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ nke e wuru n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-ejikarị ụdị ụlọ ọkụ dị n'okpuru ala.
Ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ ọkụ nke mbụ n'ụwa bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Netra nke dị na Zurich, Switzerland, nke e wuru na 1882. Owuwu ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ na China malitere obere oge.The mbụ oblique eruba reversible unit arụnyere na Gangnan Reservoir na 1968. Mgbe e mesịrị, na ngwa ngwa mmepe nke ụlọ ike ụlọ ọrụ, arụnyere ike nke nuklia ike na thermal ike mụbara ngwa ngwa, na-achọ ka usoro ike na-onwem na kwekọrọ ekwekọ pumped nchekwa nkeji. .
Kemgbe afọ ndị 1980, China amalitela ịrụsi ọrụ ike ịrụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke akụ na ụba obodo m na ụlọ ọrụ ike, obodo m enwetawo ọganihu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na-amịpụta mkpụrụ n'ime ikike akụrụngwa nke nnukwu nchekwa nchekwa.
Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke afọ 2020, ikike arụnyere obodo m nke nrụpụta ike nchekwa mgbapụta bụ 31.49 nde kilowatts, mmụba nke 4.0% karịa afọ gara aga.N'afọ 2020, ikike nrụpụta ike nchekwa nchekwa nke mba dị ijeri 33.5 kWh, mmụba nke 5.0% karịa afọ gara aga;ikike nrụpụta ọkụ na-ebunye ọkụ n'obodo ahụ bụ nde kWh 1.2.Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke obodo m na-ebunye ọkụ ma ndị a na-emepụta ma ndị a na-ewu bụ ndị mbụ n'ụwa.
Ụlọ ọrụ State Grid nke China na-etinyekarị mkpa dị ukwuu na mmepe nke nchekwa mgbapụta.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, State Grid nwere ọdụ ọkụ 22 na-ebupụta ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ yana ọdụ ọkụ 30 na-ebunye ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ.
N'afọ 2016, a malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ise na-ebufe ọkụ na Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, na Fukang, Xinjiang;
N'afọ 2017, iwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ isii na-agbapụta na Yi County nke Hebei, Zhirui nke Inner Mongolia, Ninghai nke Zhejiang, Jinyun nke Zhejiang, Luoning nke Henan na Pingjiang nke Hunan malitere;
N'afọ 2019, a malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ise na-ebufe ọkụ na Funing na Hebei, Jiaohe na Jilin, Qujiang na Zhejiang, Weifang na Shandong, na Hami na Xinjiang;
Na 2020, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anọ na-ebunye ọkụ na Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, na Shandong Tai'an Phase II ga-amalite iwu.
Ọdụm nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ mbụ nke obodo m nwere akụrụngwa nke kwụụrụ onwe ya nke ọma.N'October 2011, a rụchara ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ahụ nke ọma, na-egosi na obodo m ejirila teknụzụ bụ isi nke mmepe akụrụngwa nke mgbapụta mgbapụta.
N'April 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station etinyere n'ọrụ maka mmepụta ọkụ;na April 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Nchekwa Power ọdụ na a unit ikike nke 375,000 kilowatts ejikọrọ nke ọma na okporo.Akụrụngwa kwụụrụ onwe ya nke nnukwu ebe nchekwa ihe na-agbapụta n'ime obodo m ka ewulitere ma tinye ya n'ọrụ mgbe niile.
Ebe m na-ebunye ọkụ eletrik mbụ dị mita 700 nke obodo m.Ngụkọta ike arụnyere bụ 1.4 nde kilowatts.Na June 4, 2021, etinyere Unit 1 iji nweta ọkụ eletrik.
A na-arụ ọdụ ọkụ na-ebufe ọkụ nke nwere ikike arụnyere kacha ukwuu n'ụwa ugbu a.Ngụkọta ike arụnyere bụ 3.6 nde kilowatts.
Nchekwa mgbapụta nwere njirimara nke isi, nke zuru oke na ọha.Ọ nwere ike isonye na ọrụ nchịkwa nke isi iyi sistemụ ike ọhụrụ, netwọkụ, ibu na njikọ nchekwa, yana uru zuru oke dị oke mkpa.Ọ na-ebu sistemu ike nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ, ihe na-edozi obere carbon dị ọcha yana arụmọrụ dị elu Ọrụ dị mkpa nke onye na-ahụ maka ịgba ọsọ.
Nke mbụ bụ imeri nke ọma maka enweghị ikike nchekwa nchekwa nke sistemu ike n'okpuru ntinye nke oke ume ọhụrụ.Site n'iji uru nke usoro nchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpukpu abụọ, anyị nwere ike imeziwanye ikike nchịkwa kachasị elu nke sistemu ike, na ibelata nsogbu oke ibu nke na-akpata site na enweghị ike nke ume ọhụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu kpatara site na trough.Nsogbu oriri na-akpata site na nnukwu mmepe nke ike ọhụrụ n'oge oge nwere ike ịkwalite oriri ume ọhụrụ.
Nke abụọ bụ iji mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na nhụsianya dị n'etiti njirimara mmepụta nke ume ọhụrụ na ibu ibu, na-adabere na ike mgbanwe mgbanwe nke nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma na enweghị ike na ike ọhụrụ, na izute mkpa mgbanwe mgbanwe mgbanwe. wetara ume ọhụrụ "dabere na ihu igwe".
Nke atọ bụ nke ọma na-emeso oge ezughi oke nke inertia nke usoro ike ike ọhụrụ dị elu.Na uru nke elu oge nke inertia nke synchronous generator, ọ nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè welie mgbochi-ọgbaghara ike nke usoro na ịnọgide na-enwe usoro ugboro kwụsie ike.
Nke anọ bụ iji mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na mmetụta nchekwa nwere ike nke ụdị "okpukpu abụọ" na usoro ike ọhụrụ ahụ, were ọrụ nkwado ndabere na mpaghara mberede, ma zaghachi mkpa mgbanwe mberede na mberede n'oge ọ bụla na-eji ngwa ngwa mmalite nkwụsị na ike ramping ngwa ngwa. .N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka ibu na-akwụsị akwụsị, ọ nwere ike wepụ ihe ngosi nke igwe mgbapụta na nzaghachi millisecond n'enweghị nsogbu, ma melite ọrụ nchekwa na nke siri ike nke usoro ahụ.
Nke ise bụ imekọ ihe nke ọma na ọnụ ahịa mgbanwe dị elu nke nnukwu njikọ grid ike ọhụrụ wetara.Site na usoro ọrụ ezi uche dị na ya, jikọtara ya na ike ọkụ iji belata carbon na ịbawanye arụmọrụ, belata ịhapụ ikuku na ọkụ, kwalite oke ike, ma melite ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ọrụ dị ọcha nke usoro dum.
Mee ka njikarịcha na ntinye nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị ike, na-ahazi nchekwa, ịdịmma na njikwa ọganihu nke ọrụ 30 a na-ewu, na-akwalite ike nke mechanized owuwu, njikwa ọgụgụ isi na ihe owuwu ahaziri ahazi, kwalite oge ihe owuwu, wee hụ na ikike nchekwa nke mgbapụta ga-agafe nde 20. n'ime oge "Atụmatụ Afọ ise nke 14".kilowatts, na ike arụnyere arụ ọrụ ga-agafe 70 nde kilowatts site na 2030.
Nke abụọ bụ ịrụsi ọrụ ike na njikwa dabere.Ntuzi aka na-ewusi ike, na-elekwasị anya na ebumnuche "carbon abụọ" yana mmejuputa atumatu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nkwadebe dị elu nke atụmatụ mmepe "14th Year Five" maka nchekwa mmiri.Jiri nkà mmụta sayensị na-ebuli usoro ọrụ mmalite nke ọrụ a, ma kwalite ọmụmụ na nkwado nke ọrụ a n'usoro n'usoro.N'ilekwasị anya na nchekwa, ịdị mma, oge ihe owuwu, na ọnụ ahịa, na-agbasi mbọ ike na-akwalite njikwa ọgụgụ isi na njikwa, ihe owuwu mechanized na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ihe owuwu injinịa iji hụ na ọrụ ndị a na-arụ nwere ike nweta uru ozugbo enwere ike.
Mee ka njikwa usoro ndụ nke akụrụngwa dịkwuo omimi, mekwuo nyocha na ọrụ grid ike nke nkeji, kwalite atụmatụ ọrụ nke nkeji, ma na-eje ozi zuru oke maka ọrụ nchekwa na kwụsie ike nke grid ike.Mee ka njikwa dabere n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, mee ka owuwu nke usoro ọkọnọ smart ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ngwa, kwalite usoro njikwa ihe, kesaa isi obodo, akụrụngwa, teknụzụ, data na ihe nrụpụta ndị ọzọ, na-emeziwanye ogo na arụmọrụ nke ọma, na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ njikwa na nke ọma. arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ.
Nke atọ bụ ịchọ ọganiru na teknụzụ ọhụrụ.Nmezu miri emi nke "Atụmatụ Leap Forward Action Plan" maka mmepụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, na-abawanye itinye ego na nyocha sayensị, ma melite ikike nke mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.Mụbaa ngwa nke teknụzụ na-agbanwe ọsọ ọsọ, wusie nyocha teknụzụ na mmepe nke 400-megawatt nnukwu ikike, mee ngwa ngwa owuwu nke ụlọ nyocha ihe nlegharị anya mgbapụta na ụlọ nyocha simulation, na-eme mgbalị ọ bụla iji wuo ihe ọhụrụ sayensị na teknụzụ kwụụrụ onwe ya. ikpo okwu.
Na-ebuli nhazi nyocha sayensị na ikenye ihe onwunwe, mee ka nyocha ahụ dị na teknụzụ isi nke nchekwa mgbapụta, ma gbalịsie ike imeri nsogbu ọrụ aka nke "olu rapaara".Mee ka nyocha nke ngwa nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị ka "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", na-ebuga n'ụzọ zuru ezu owuwu nke ọdụ ikike dijitalụ, ma mee ka mgbanwe dijitalụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dịkwuo elu.
Oge nzipu: Mar-07-2022
