1 Kupu Whakataki
Ko te kawana turbine tetahi o nga taputapu whakahaere nui e rua mo nga waeine hiko.Ehara i te mea ko te whakahaere i te tere tere, engari he mahi rerekee te whakarereke me te auau, te mana, te koki wahanga me etahi atu mana whakahaere o nga waeine whakangao hiko me te tiaki i te wira wai.Ko te mahi o te huinga generator.E toru nga wahanga o te whakawhanaketanga o nga kawana turbine: nga kawana waipēhi miihini, nga kawana hiko-hiko me nga kawana hiko hikohiko rorohiko miihini.I nga tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakauruhia nga kaiwhakahaere ka taea ki roto i nga punaha whakahaere tere turbine, he kaha te kaha ki te aukati me te tino pono;ngawari me te watea te mahi me te mahi;hanganga modular, pai rehe, ngāwari, me te watea te tiaki;Kei a ia nga painga o te kaha mana whakahaere me te kaha taraiwa;kua tino manatokohia.
I roto i tenei pepa, ko te rangahau mo te PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system, a ka whakamahia te kaiwhakahaere programmable ki te mohio ki te whakarereketanga takirua o te arataki me te hoe, e whakapai ake ana i te tika o te ruruku o te arataki me te waahi mo te rereke. nga upoko wai.Ko nga mahi e whakaatu ana ko te punaha whakahaere takirua ka whakapai ake i te tere o te whakamahinga o te wai.
2. Pūnaha ture turbine
2.1 Pūnaha whakahaere turbine
Ko te mahi matua o te punaha whakahaere tere turbine ko te whakarereke i te whakatuwheratanga o nga arataki arataki o te turbine na roto i te kawana ka huri te kawenga o te punaha hiko me te tere hurihuri o te waeine, kia huri te tere hurihuri o te turbine. ka puritia i roto i te awhe kua tohua, kia pai ai te whakahaere o te waeine generator.Ko te mana whakaputa me te auau ka tutuki nga whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi.Ko nga mahi taketake o te ture turbine ka taea te wehewehe ki te ture tere, te mana kaha me te ture taumata wai.
2.2 Te parau tumu o te ture turbine
Ko te waeine whakangao wai he waeine i hangaia ma te hono i te hiko hiko me te hiko.Ko te wahanga hurihuri o te huinga whakangao-wai he tinana maro e huri huri noa i te tuaka pumau, a ka taea te whakaahua i tana wharite ma te wharite e whai ake nei:
I roto i te tātai
——Te taima o te inertia o te wahanga hurihuri o te waeine (Kg m2)
——Te tere koki hurihuri (rad/s)
——Turbine taipana (N/m), tae atu ki te whakaputa miihini me nga mate hiko.
——Te taipana atete o te kaihanga, e pa ana ki te taipana mahi o te generator stator i runga i te rotor, ko tona ahunga kei te anga ke atu ki te ahunga hurihuri, me te tohu i te whakaputanga mana kaha o te kaihanga, ara, te rahi o te kawenga.
Ka huri te kawenga, ka noho tonu te whakatuwheratanga o te arai arataki, ka taea tonu te whakapumau i te tere o te waeine ki tetahi uara.Na te mea ka kotiti ke te tere mai i te uara kua tohua, kaore e ranea ki te whakawhirinaki ki te kaha whakatikatika-whaiaro ki te pupuri i te tere.Kia mau tonu ai te tere o te waeine ki te uara whakatau tuatahi i muri i nga huringa o te kawenga, ka kitea mai i te Whakaaturanga 1 he mea tika kia whakarereketia te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki arataki.Ka heke te kawenga, ka huri te taipana parenga mai i te 1 ki te 2, ka heke te whakatuwheratanga o te arataki arataki ki te 1, ka mau tonu te tere o te waahanga.No reira, na te huringa o te kawenga, ka rereke te whakatuwheratanga o te tikanga arataki wai, kia mau tonu ai te tere o te waeine whakangao wai ki te uara kua whakaritea, ka rereke ranei i runga i te ture kua whakaritea.Ko tenei tukanga ko te whakatikatika tere o te waeine hydro-generator., ture turbine ranei.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine pūnaha whakatikatika rua
Ko te kawana turbine hei whakahaere i te whakatuwheratanga o nga arataki wai hei whakatika i te rere ki roto i te kaikawe o te turbine, na reira ka huri i te taipana hihiri o te turbine me te whakahaere i te auau o te waeine turbine.Heoi, i roto i te mahi o te axial-rere hurihuri hoe hurihuri, te kawana kia kaua e whakatika anake i te whakatuwheratanga o nga whae arahi, engari ano hoki te whakatika i te koki o nga mata o te kaikawe kia rite ki te whiu me te uara o te upoko wai o te kaiarahi vane whai. kia hono ai te arataki me te arai.Kia mau tonu te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i a raatau, ara, he hononga honohono, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te kapohau, te whakaheke i te cavitation mata me te wiri o te waeine, me te whakakaha ake i te pumau o te mahi o te turbine.
Ko te taputapu o te PLC mana turbine vane te nuinga o nga waahanga e rua, ara ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC me te punaha servo hydraulic.Tuatahi, kia matapakihia te hanganga taputapu o te kaiwhakahaere PLC.
3.1 PLC kaiwhakahaere
Ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC te nuinga o te waahanga whakauru, te waahanga taketake PLC me te waahanga whakaputa.Ko te kōwae whakauru he kōwae A/D me te kōwae tāuru matihiko, ā, ko te kōwae whakaputa he kōwae D/A me te kōwae tāuru matihiko.Ko te kaiwhakahaere PLC he mea whakaraerae ki te whakaatu mamati LED mo te wa-tuuturu mataki i nga tawhā PID punaha, te tuunga o te kaiwhai, te arahi i te tuunga a te kaiwhai me te uara o te upoko wai.Ka whakaratohia ano he voltmeter tairitenga ki te aro turuki i te tuunga o te kaiwhai i te waa mena ka rahua te mana whakahaere rorohiko moroiti.
3.2 Pūnaha whai-a-ira
Ko te punaha servo hydraulic he waahanga nui o te punaha whakahaere turbine vane.Ko te tohu whakaputa o te kaitakawaenga ka whakahiatohia ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga o te kaiwhairangi, na reira ka whakatika i te koki o nga mata riipene.I tangohia e matou te whakakotahitanga o te mana o te waro orite te mana o te waapa nui te momo hiko hiko hiko me te punaha whakahaere miihini-waiwai tuku iho ki te hanga i te punaha whakahaere waipulu whakarara o te hiko-waiwai me te miihini-waiwai e whakaatuhia ana i te Whakaahua 2. Ka whai i te Hydraulic. -up punaha mo nga matatahi turbine.
Pūnaha whai-a-waiwai mo nga matatahi turbine
A, no te te PLC kaiwhakahaere, electro-hydraulic proportional valve and position sensor he mea noa katoa, ka whakamahia te PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control method ki te whakatika i te punaha turbine vane, ko te uara urupare tuunga me te uara whakaputa mana ka tukuna e nga tohu hiko, me te Ko nga tohu ka whakahiatohia e te kaiwhakahaere PLC., te tukatuka me te whakatau, whakatikahia te whakatuwheratanga o te puera o te puera tohatoha pehanga matua i roto i te paera rite ki te whakahaere i te waahi o te kaiwhairangi, me te pupuri i te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te arai kaiarahi, te upoko wai me te waa.Ko te punaha turbine vane e whakahaerehia ana e te electro-hydraulic proportional valve he tino tika te whakakotahitanga, te hanganga o te punaha ngawari, te kaha o te parahanga hinu hinu, a he pai ki te hono atu ki te kaiwhakahaere PLC ki te hanga i tetahi punaha whakahaere miihini miihini.
Na te mau tonu o te tikanga honohono miihini, i roto i te aratau mana o te hiko-waihiko, ka mahi tahi ano te miihini honohono ki te whai i te mana whakahaere o te punaha.Mena ka rahua te punaha mana hiko-wairua o te PLC, ka mahi tonu te waapa whakawhiti, a ka taea e te hononga hono miihini te whai i te ahua rere o te punaha mana hiko-waihiko.I te wa e huri ana, he iti te paanga o te punaha, a ka taea e te punaha vane te whakawhiti pai ki te Ko te aratau whakahaere hononga miihini ka tino whakapumau i te pono o te mahi a te punaha.
I te wa i hoahoatia e matou te ara iahiko waipēhi, i hoahoatia ano e matou te tinana takirere o te hiko hiko, te rahi e rite ana ki te tinana takirere me te karekau takirere, te rahi hono o te tinana takirere me te pehanga matua, me te miihini Te rahi o te Ko te rakau hono i waenga i te hiko waipēhi me te pehanga tohatoha matua he rite tonu ki te mea taketake.Ko te tinana takirere anake o te hiko hiko me whakakapi i te wa o te whakaurunga, kaore he waahanga ke atu me whakarereke.Ko te hanganga o te katoa o te punaha whakahaere hydraulic he tino pai.I runga i te kaupapa o te pupuri katoa i te tikanga whakahiato miihini, ka taapirihia he tikanga mana hiko-waihiko hei whakahaere i te atanga me te kaiwhakahaere PLC kia mohio ai te mana whakahiato mamati me te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakakotahitanga o te punaha turbine vane.;Na he tino ngawari te whakaurunga me te mahi patuiro o te punaha, e whakapoto ana i te wa heke o te hiko hiko hiko, ka whakahaere i te whakarereketanga o te punaha whakahaere hiko o te miihini hiko, a he pai te uara mahi.I te wa o te mahi tonu i runga i te waahi, ka tino arohaehaehia te punaha e nga miihini me nga kaimahi hangarau o te teihana hiko, me te whakapono ka taea te whakanui me te tono i roto i te punaha servo hydraulic a te kawana o nga teihana hiko maha.
3.3 Hanganga rorohiko me te tikanga whakatinana
I roto i te punaha turbine e whakahaeretia ana e te PLC, ka whakamahia te tikanga whakahiato mamati ki te mohio i te hononga honohono i waenga i nga waka arahi, te upoko wai me te whakatuwheratanga.Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga whakahiato miihini tuku iho, ko te tikanga whakahiato mamati nga painga o te tapahi tawhā ngawari, He painga o te patuiro watea me te tiaki, me te tino tika o te hononga.Ko te hanganga rorohiko o te punaha whakahaere vane ko te nuinga o te kaupapa whakatikatika o te punaha, te kaupapa algorithm mana me te kaupapa tohu.Kei raro nei ka matapakihia nga tikanga whakatinana o nga wahanga e toru o runga ake nei o te kaupapa.Kei roto i te kaupapa whakatikatika te nuinga o te mahi whakahiatotanga, he mahi iti mo te tiimata i te waahi, he mahi iti mo te aukati i te whae me tetahi waahanga o te whakahekenga o te utaina o te whae.I te wa e mahi ana te punaha, i te tuatahi ka tautuhi me te whakawa i te ahuatanga whakahaere o naianei, katahi ka tiimata te huri rorohiko, ka mahia te mahi whakatikatika e rite ana, me te tatau i te tuunga kua hoatu mo te kaiwhai.
(1) Nga mahi a te roopu
Na roto i te whakamatautau tauira o te waeine turbine, ka taea te whiwhi i te puranga o nga tohu ine i runga i te mata hono.Ko te kamera hononga miihini tawhito he mea hanga i runga i enei tohu ine, ka whakamahia ano hoki e te tikanga honohono mamati enei tohu ine hei tuhi i te huinga o nga pihi hono.Ma te kowhiri i nga tohu e mohiotia ana i runga i te kurupae hononga hei node, me te tango i te tikanga mo te wawaotanga raina o te mahi rua, ka taea te whiwhi i te uara mahi o nga pona-kore i runga i tenei rarangi o te hononga.
(2) Ko te mahi-a-roto o Vane
Ko te kaupapa o te ako i te ture whakaoho he whakapoto i te wa whakaoho o te waeine, whakaitihia te kawenga o te pikaunga pana, me te hanga tikanga hono matiti mo te wae miihini.
(3) Ka mutu te mahi a Vane
Ko nga ture kati o nga whao e whai ake nei: i te wa e whiwhi ana te kaiwhakahaere i te whakahau kati, ka kati nga whao me nga whao kaiarahi i te wa ano e ai ki te hononga mahi tahi kia mau ai te noho o te waahanga: ka iti ake te whakatuwheratanga o te whae arahi. atu i te whakatuwheratanga kore-uta, ka takahuri nga wakarere Ina katia ata te arai arataki, kare e mau tonu te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i te wakarere me te arai arahi;ka heke iho te tere o te waeine ki raro i te 80% o te tere whakatau, ka whakatuwherahia ano te koki timata ki te koki timata Φ0, kua rite mo te timatanga o muri Whakapaia.
(4) Ko te mahi whakangao i te utaina o te mata
Ko te whakakore i te utaina te tikanga ka momotuhia te waahanga me te utaina mai i te matiti hiko, ka noho kino te waahanga me te punaha whakawhiti wai, e pa ana ki te haumaru o te tipu hiko me te waahanga.Ka whakahekehia te kawenga, ka rite te kawana ki tetahi taputapu whakamarumaru, na reira ka kati tonu nga arai arahi me nga whaera kia taka ra ano te tere o te waeine ki te tata ki te tere whakatau.pūmautanga.Na reira, i roto i te whakahekenga o te kawenga, ka whakatuwherahia nga waahi ki tetahi koki.Ka whiwhi tenei whakatuwheratanga ma te whakamatautau whakaheke kawenga o te teihana hiko.Ka taea e ia te whakarite i te wa e whakaheke ana te waeine i te kawenga, ehara i te mea he iti noa te piki o te tere, engari he pai te ahua o te waahanga..
4 Whakamutunga
I roto i te tirohanga o te mana hangarau o naianei o te ahumahi kawana hiko hiko waipēhi o toku whenua, e pā ana tenei pepa ki nga korero hou i roto i te mara o te whakahaere tere turbine waipēhi i te kāinga, me te ki waho, me te tono i te hangarau pūmana arorau programmable (PLC) ki te mana tere o te huinga hiko hiko hiko.Ko te kaiwhakahaere o te kaupapa (PLC) te matua o te axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system.Ko te tono whaihua e whakaatu ana ko te kaupapa e tino whakapai ake ana i te tika o te ruruku i waenga i te arataki arataki me te arai mo nga ahuatanga rereke o te upoko wai, me te whakapai ake i te tere o te whakamahi i te hiko wai.
Wā tuku: Feb-11-2022
