Ko te hurihanga tauhohenga he momo miihini waipēhi e huri ana i te pūngao waipēhi ki te pūngao mihini mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga o te rere wai.
(1) Hanganga.Ko nga waahanga hanga matua o te hurihanga tauhohenga ko te kaihoroi, te ruuma mahunga, te tikanga arataki wai me te ngongo hukihuki.
1) Kaiwhaiwhai.Ko te Runner tetahi waahanga o te miihini hiko waipēhi e huri ana i te kaha rere wai ki roto i te hiko hurihuri.E ai ki nga rereke rereke o nga huarahi hurihanga wai, he rereke ano nga hanganga o nga kaihoroi o nga momo hurihanga tauhohenga.Ko Francis turbine runner he mea titoa he matatahi whiri, he karauna wira me te mowhiti o raro;Ko te kaikawe o te kapohau rere axial he mea tito he matatahi, he tinana kaikawe, he koeko tuku me etahi atu waahanga matua: he uaua te hanganga o te kaikopere rere hikoi.Ka huri te koki whakatakotoranga mata ki nga tikanga mahi me te rite ki te whakatuwheratanga o te arai arataki.Ko te raina pokapū hurihanga mata he koki tapapa (45 ° ~ 60 °) me te tuaka o te turbine.
2) Te ruuma upoko.Ko tana mahi ko te rere o te wai ki te huarahi arataki wai, te whakaheke i te ngaronga o te kaha me te whakapai ake i te pai o te miihini hiko.Ko te pouaka torino whakarewa me te waahanga porowhita ka whakamahia mo nga turbine waipēhi nui me te reo-rahi me te upoko wai i runga ake i te 50m, me te pouaka torino raima me te waahanga trapezoidal ka whakamahia mo nga turbine me te upoko wai i raro i te 50m.
3) Te tikanga arataki wai.I te nuinga o te waa he maha nga tohu arataki kua whakamaarama me o raatau tikanga hurihuri kua whakaritea i runga i te taha o te kaihoroi.Ko tana mahi ko te arahi i te rere o te wai ki te kaikawe, me te whakarereke i te rere o te hiko hiko ma te whakatika i te whakatuwheratanga o te arai arataki, kia tutuki ai nga whakaritenga kawenga o te waeine generator.Ka whai waahi ano ki te hiri wai ina katia katoatia.
4) Te ngongo tauira.Ko tetahi waahanga o te toenga o te hiko i roto i te rere wai i te putanga o te kaihoroi kaore ano kia whakamahia.Ko te mahi o te ngongo hukihuki he whakaora i tenei kaha me te tuku i te wai ki raro.Ka taea te wehea te ngongo tauira ki te hanga koeko tika me te ahua kopiko.He nui te whakarea pūngao o mua, he pai hoki mo nga turbine iti whakapae me te tubular;Ahakoa ko te mahi waipēhi o muri karekau i te pai ki tera o te koeko tika, he iti te hohonutanga o te keri, a ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i te turbine tauhohenga nui me te reo-rahi.
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(2) Whakaraupapa.Kua wehea te kapohau tauhohenga ki Francis turbine, hauroki turbine, axial turbine me tubular turbine i runga i te ahunga o te rere o te wai e haere ana i te mata o te kaikawe o te kaihoroi.
1) Francis turbine.Ko Francis (radial axial flow or Francis) he momo hurihanga tauhohenga e rere ana te wai huri noa i te kaiwhai, ka rere axial.Ko tenei momo turbine he whanuitanga o te upoko e tika ana (30 ~ 700m), he hanganga ngawari, he iti te rahi me te utu iti.Ko te turbine Francis nui rawa atu kua whakamahia ki Haina ko te turbine o Ertan Hydropower Plant, me te mana whakaputa o te 582mw me te mana whakaputa teitei o te 621 MW.
2) Turbine rere axial.Ko te turbine rere axial he momo kapohiko tauhohenga e rere ai te wai ki roto, ki waho hoki o te kaihoroi.Kua wehea tenei ahua o te turbine ki te momo propeller (momo propeller screw) me te momo propeller hurihuri (momo Kaplan).Ko nga matatahi o mua ka pumau, ka taea e nga matatahi o muri te huri.He nui ake te kaha tukunga o te kapohau rere axial i tera o te miihini hiko Francis.Na te mea ka taea e te waahi mata o te turbine rotor te huri me te whakarereketanga o te kawenga, he nui te kaha ki roto i te tini o te huringa kawenga.Ko te kaha o te cavitation me te kaha miihini o te axial-flow turbine he kino atu i era o Francis turbine, he uaua ano hoki te hanganga.I tenei wa, ko te upoko e tika ana mo tenei momo miihini kua eke ki te 80m neke atu.
3) Tubular turbine.Ko te rere o te wai o tenei momo turbine ka rere axial mai i te rere axial ki te kaikawe, karekau he hurihanga i mua i muri i te kaikawe.Ko te awhe o te upoko whakamahinga ko te 3 ~ 20 .. He painga o te iti o te teitei o te waka, te pai o te rere o te wai, te pai o te kaha, te iti o te rahinga hangarau a-iwi, te iti o te utu, te kore volute me te ngongo tauira kopikopiko, me te raro o te upoko wai, te kitea ake ona painga.
E ai ki te hononga me te aratau tuku o te kaihanga, ka wehea te turbine tubular ki te momo tubular tonu me te momo tubular.Ko te momo semi tubular ka wehea ki te momo umanga, momo momo me te momo toronga o te rakau, i roto i enei ka wehea te momo toronga o te rakau ki roto i te whaa me te papa whakapae.I tenei wa, ko te nuinga o te whakamahi ko te momo tubular bulb, te momo toronga rakau me te momo rakau, e whakamahia ana mo nga waahanga iti.I nga tau tata nei, ka whakamahia ano te momo rakau mo nga waahanga nui me te reo-rahi.
Ko te kaihanga o te axial toronga tubular wae ka whakauruhia ki waho o te hongere wai, a ka hono te kaihanga ki te turbine wai me te kaaanga roa, te papa whakapae ranei.Ko te hanganga o tenei momo toronga rakau he maamaa ake i tera o te momo umanga.
4) Mirohiko rere hauroki.Ko te hanganga me te rahi o te rere hauroki (e mohiotia ana ko te hauroki) kapopohau kei waenga i a Francis me te rere axial.Ko te rereketanga nui ko te raina o waenganui o te mata kaikawe kei tetahi koki me te raina pokapū o te turbine.Na nga ahuatanga o te hanganga, kaore e tukuna te waahanga ki te totohu i te wa e mahi ana, na reira ka whakauruhia te taputapu whakamarumaru tohu axial ki roto i te waahanga tuarua kia kore ai te tukinga i waenga i te mata me te ruuma kaihoroi.Ko te 25 ~ 200m te awhe o te mahunga o te miihini rere hauroki.
I tenei wa, ko te waeine kotahi nui rawa atu i whakatauhia te mana whakaputa o te kapohau whakaheke heke i te ao ko te 215MW (o Soviet Union o mua), ko te upoko whakamahi teitei ko te 136m (Japan).
Wā tuku: Sep-01-2021
