The characteristics of hydropower stations include:
1. Clean energy: Hydropower stations do not produce pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions, and are a very clean energy source.
2. Renewable energy: Hydropower stations rely on water circulation, and water will not be completely consumed, making them a renewable energy source.
3. High stability: Rich water resources and stable water flow make the power output of hydropower stations relatively stable, suitable for long-term power supply needs.
According to the different construction methods and water energy utilization methods, hydropower stations can be divided into the following categories:
1. Reservoir type hydropower station: By storing water in a dam, the water level of the river is controlled, and the head drop is used to drive a hydraulic turbine for power generation.
2. Pumped hydropower station: In low altitude areas, reservoir type hydropower stations are limited by water volume. Pumped hydropower stations use pumps to pump water from low to high places, and then generate electricity through the principle of water head operation.
3. Tidal hydropower station: Utilizing tidal fluctuations to collect the height difference of fluctuating water levels and generate electricity under the action of tidal power.
4. Piston flow power station: Utilizing flood, tide and other rising water periods to quickly inject a large amount of water, generating electricity quickly through head drop in a short period of time to meet temporary peak electricity demand.
In short, hydropower stations are an important clean energy source with characteristics such as cleanliness, renewability, and stability, and are classified according to their construction methods and water energy utilization methods.
There are several main forms of dams in hydropower stations:
1. Gravity dam: It is a vertical wall constructed of materials such as concrete or stone, which bears water pressure through gravity. Gravity dams are generally relatively stable, but require more building materials and land area. Its characteristic is that the dam bottom is wide and the dam top is narrow, which is suitable for situations where both sides of river valleys are supported by good rock foundations.
2. Arch dam: It is a type of dam composed of curved walls, which disperses water pressure through an arch structure. When constructing an arch dam, it is necessary to first build a temporary arch shaped wooden formwork, and then pour concrete onto it to form it. Arch dams are suitable for narrow and high canyon areas, with advantages such as less land occupation and good seismic performance.
3. Earth-rock dam: It is a type of dam formed by the accumulation of soil and stone materials, and its interior adopts anti-seepage measures to avoid water leakage. Earth-rock dams consume a small amount of cement and other materials, but it takes a long time to complete the solidification of the dam body. Earth-rock dams are suitable for areas with relatively flat water flow and mountainous terrain.
4. Diversion dam: It is a small partition used to guide water flow, and its shape and structure are different from that of a dam. Diversion dams are usually built in the middle of rivers to divert water towards power plants or irrigation purposes. The diversion dam is generally lower and the materials used are also relatively lightweight.
Overall, various types of hydroelectric dams have their applicable scenarios and advantages and disadvantages. The selection of which type of dam should be based on local geological conditions, hydrological and climatic conditions, and other actual conditions.
The hub system of a hydropower station usually includes the following parts:
1. Reservoir: responsible for storing water sources and providing the necessary water for power generation.
2. Flood discharge facilities: used to control the water level and flow of the reservoir, ensure the safe operation of the reservoir, and prevent the occurrence of disasters such as floods.
3. Diversion system: Introduce water from the reservoir into the power generation unit to generate electricity. The water diversion system includes equipment such as water intake, inlet channel, pressure pipeline, and regulating valve.
4. Generator set: a device that converts the introduced water energy into electrical energy.
5. Transmission system: The electricity generated by the generator set is transmitted to the user.
6. Control system: A system that monitors, regulates, and controls the operation of hydropower stations, including automated control systems, monitoring instruments, and computer control systems.
The considerations for asset evaluation of hydropower stations include the following aspects:
1. Geographical location of hydropower stations: The geographical location of hydropower stations is one of the key factors affecting their value. There may be significant differences in the market environment and policy support faced by hydropower stations in different geographical locations, which need to be fully considered.
2. Technical parameters of hydropower stations: The installed capacity, water head, flow rate and other technical parameters of hydropower stations directly affect their power generation capacity and economic benefits, and require comprehensive understanding and scientific evaluation.
3. Grid connection situation: The grid connection situation of hydropower stations has a significant impact on their power generation revenue and operating costs, and it is necessary to fully consider factors such as grid stability, transmission line length, and transformer capacity.
4. Operation and maintenance management: The equipment status, maintenance status, and safety production records of hydropower stations are important indicators for evaluating their value, and comprehensive inspection and evaluation are required.
5. Policy and regulatory situation: The policy and regulatory environment in which hydropower stations are located will also have varying degrees of impact on their value, especially in terms of policy support such as subsidy policies, tax incentives, and environmental compliance.
6. Financial condition: The financial condition of a hydropower station is one of the important factors that affect its value, including investment, financing, operating costs, power generation income, and other aspects.
7. Competition situation: The market competition situation in which hydropower stations are located will also have varying degrees of impact on their power generation revenue and market position. It is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the market competition environment and the situation of major competitors.
In summary, the asset evaluation of hydropower stations needs to consider multiple factors, comprehensively analyze and determine their true value.
Post time: May-06-2023
