Monga tonse tikudziwa, makina opangira ma turbine jenereta ndiye maziko ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina a hydropower.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa gawo lonse la hydraulic turbine unit.Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa hydraulic turbine unit, zomwe zakhalapo kuyambira pakupangidwa kwa gawo lonse la hydraulic turbine unit.
Pamapangidwe onse a hydraulic turbine unit, mphamvu yama hydraulic design ndi yaying'ono.Pamene gawo la turbine lamadzi likugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, madzi otuluka pamtundu wothamanga wa unit adzapitirira kutuluka, ndipo madzi otuluka pa malo othamanga sangazungulira.Pamene turbine sikugwira ntchito bwino, kuyenda kwa wothamanga kumapanga pang'onopang'ono kuyenda mozungulira mu chubu cha turbine draft.Pamene turbine ili pansi pa 40 ~ 70% katundu wapang'ono wa mutu wochepa, kutuluka kwa chothamangitsira chothamanga kumazungulira kutsogolo ndipo pang'onopang'ono kupanga riboni vortex, yomwe ingayambitsenso kugwedezeka kwa turbine unit.
Pogwira ntchito ya hydraulic turbine, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic turbine unit ndi kuthamanga kwa chubu cha hydraulic, ndipo izi zidzasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a Francis turbine.Komanso, ngati Karman vortex sitima kwaiye pa mchira wa otaya mozungulira airfoil, zidzakhudzanso ntchito yachibadwa ya chopangira magetsi hayidiroliki, chifukwa zidzachititsa kugwedezeka mokakamiza wa wothamanga tsamba la chopangira magetsi hayidiroliki.Pamene mafupipafupi a kugwedezeka uku kukakamizidwa kumapanga ubale wambiri ndi kugwedezeka kwachilengedwe pafupipafupi kwa tsamba lothamanga, zidzatsogolera ku ming'alu ya tsamba lothamanga la hydraulic turbine, ndipo ngakhale kutsogolera kuphulika kwa tsamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali chinthu china chomwe chidzakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a turbine, ndiko kuti, hydraulic factor.Ngati mawonekedwe a turbine unit achoka pamapangidwe a turbine, chodabwitsa cholekanitsa chotuluka chidzachitika polowera ndi kutulutsa kwa tsamba.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosasunthika kwa zochitika zolekanitsa otaya, mlingo wa kuvulaza ndi wosiyana.Mtundu wa hydraulic turbine wa hydraulic turbine ndiye gwero lamphamvu pagawo lonse la hydropower.
Mapangidwe asayansi ndi omveka, kukonza ndi kupanga makina opangira madzi amatha kuwongolera bwino magwiridwe antchito a makina opangira madzi, ndipo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi kupanga kwake ndi izi:
① Pazigawo za gawo loyenda, kukakamiza koyenda mu ndime yothamanga kumagwira ntchito pamagawo oyenda, kumabweretsa kupsinjika.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa, zidzatsogolera ku zotanuka deformation ya zigawo zikuluzikulu.Kuonjezera apo, pamene kutulukako kugwedezeka, chigawo chilichonse chidzatulutsanso kugwedezeka.Pamene kugwedezeka kwafupipafupi kwa madzi othamanga kumakhala kofanana ndi kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, zidzatulutsanso resonance, zomwe sizidzangotulutsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa phokoso, komanso zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya hydraulic turbine unit.Makamaka pagawo la turbine lamadzi lomwe lili ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi liwiro lotsika, ma frequency ake achilengedwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ma hydraulic low frequency, kotero ndizosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi resonance.
② Mphamvu yaukadaulo wopanga.Pakukonza ndi kupanga ma hydraulic turbine unit, ngati tsambalo siliri lolondola, kapena pali zolakwika pakuwotcherera kwa zigawo, zolowera ndi zotsegulira zamasamba sizikhala zofananira, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzadzetsa mavuto a vibration. hydraulic turbine unit injini.
③ Pamene mphete ya labyrinth ikakonzedwa, kuwuluka kwakukulu kumadzetsanso zovuta kugwedezeka kwa unit.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa unsembe wa turbine wamadzi ukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika agawo lamagetsi opangira madzi.Pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za hydraulic turbine unit, ngati mayendedwe owongolera sali okhazikika wina ndi mnzake kapena olamulira siwolondola, zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic ndi kugwedezeka kwa zigawo zonyamula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2021
