Chidziwitso choyambirira cha hydropower ndi hydro jenereta

1, Gawo la mphamvu ndi kalasi ya jenereta ya hydro
Pakali pano, palibe muyezo umodzi wa gulu la mphamvu ndi liwiro la jenereta ya hydro mu dziko.Malinga ndi momwe zilili ku China, mphamvu ndi liwiro lake zitha kugawidwa molingana ndi tebulo ili:
Gulu adavotera mphamvu PN (kw) ovotera liwiro NN (R / min);
Low liwiro, sing'anga liwiro ndi mkulu liwiro;
Jenereta yaying'ono ya hydro 100 750-1500;
Jenereta yaying'ono ya hydro 100-500 <375-600 750-1500;
Yapakatikati kakulidwe hydro jenereta 500-10000 <375-600 750-1500;Jenereta wamkulu wa hydro> 10000 <100-375> 375;

2. Kuyika mtundu wa jenereta wa hydro
Kapangidwe ka unsembe wa hydro jenereta zambiri anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa chopangira magetsi hayidiroliki.Pali mitundu iyi:

1) Mapangidwe opingasa
Majenereta a Hydro okhala ndi mawonekedwe opingasa nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi ma turbine amphamvu.Magawo opingasa a turbine amadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe awiri kapena atatu.Mapangidwe a zitsulo ziwirizi ali ndi ubwino wautali wa axial waufupi, kapangidwe kameneka komanso kuyika bwino ndi kusintha.Komabe, pamene liwiro lovuta la shafting silingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira kapena katundu wonyamula ndi waukulu, mapangidwe atatu onyamula ayenera kutengedwa.Magawo ambiri apanyumba a hydraulic turbine generator amakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati.Magawo akulu opingasa okhala ndi mphamvu ya 12.5mw amapangidwanso.Yopingasa madzi turbine jenereta mayunitsi opangidwa kunja si osowa ndi mphamvu 60-70mw, pamene yopingasa madzi turbine jenereta mayunitsi ndi amapopera yosungirako mphamvu akhoza kukhala limodzi unit mphamvu ya 300MW.

2) Mapangidwe oima
Mapangidwe osunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a jenereta amadzi am'madzi.Mayunitsi opangira ma turbine amadzi oyima nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi Francis kapena ma axial-flow turbines.The ofukula dongosolo akhoza kugawidwa mu kuyimitsidwa mtundu ndi mtundu ambulera.Kuponyedwa kwa jenereta komwe kuli kumtunda kwa rotor kumatchedwa kuti mtundu woyimitsidwa, ndipo kuponyedwa komwe kuli kumunsi kwa rotor kumatchulidwa pamodzi ngati mtundu wa ambulera.

3) Tubular kapangidwe
Gulu la jenereta la tubular turbine generator limayendetsedwa ndi turbine ya tubular.Tubular turbine ndi mtundu wapadera wa axial-flow turbine wokhala ndi masamba osasunthika kapena osinthika.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi chakuti othamanga othamanga amakonzedwa mozungulira kapena mozungulira, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake kamagwirizana ndi chitoliro cholowera ndi chitoliro cha turbine.Tubular Hydrogenerator ili ndi ubwino wa kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso kulemera kwake.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi mutu wamadzi otsika.

3. Zomangamanga za jenereta ya hydro
Vertical hydro jenereta makamaka imaphatikizapo stator, rotor, chimango chapamwamba, chimango chotsika, thrust bearing, guide bear, air cooler ndi turbine yokhazikika ya maginito.