1 Mawu Oyamba
Kazembe wa Turbine ndi chimodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zazikulu zoyendetsera magetsi amadzi.Sikuti amangogwira ntchito ya liwiro malamulo, komanso amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana ntchito kutembenuka ndi pafupipafupi, mphamvu, mbali mbali ndi ulamuliro wa mayunitsi hydroelectric kupanga ndi kuteteza gudumu madzi.Ntchito yopanga jenereta.Olamulira a Turbine adadutsa magawo atatu a chitukuko: olamulira a hydraulic mechanical, olamulira a electro-hydraulic ndi olamulira a microcomputer digital hydraulic.M'zaka zaposachedwa, olamulira omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa adalowetsedwa mu makina oyendetsa liwiro la turbine, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza komanso kudalirika kwakukulu;yosavuta ndi yabwino mapulogalamu ndi ntchito;kapangidwe ka modular, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusinthasintha, komanso kukonza kosavuta;Iwo ali ubwino amphamvu kulamulira ntchito ndi galimoto luso;izo zatsimikiziridwa kwenikweni.
Mu pepalali, kafukufuku wa PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system akufunsidwa, ndipo chowongolera chokhazikika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusinthika kwapawiri kwa chowongolera vane ndi paddle, zomwe zimawongolera kulondola kwa kulumikizana kwa wowongolera vane ndi vane mosiyanasiyana. mitu yamadzi.Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti machitidwe owongolera apawiri amawongolera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu yamadzi.
2. Dongosolo la turbine regulation
2.1 turbine regulation system
Ntchito yayikulu ya makina oyendetsa liwiro la turbine ndikusintha kutsegulidwa kwa ma turbines owongolera ma turbine molingana ndi bwanamkubwa pamene katundu wamagetsi akusintha komanso kuthamanga kwamagetsi kumapatuka, kotero kuti liwiro lozungulira la turbine. imasungidwa mkati mwamtundu womwe watchulidwa, kuti jenereta igwire ntchito.Mphamvu zotulutsa ndi pafupipafupi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito.Ntchito zoyambira za turbine regulation zitha kugawidwa kukhala kuwongolera liwiro, kuwongolera mphamvu zogwira ntchito komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi.
2.2 Mfundo yoyendetsera ma turbine
Gulu la hydro-jenereta ndi gawo lomwe limapangidwa polumikiza hydro-turbine ndi jenereta.Gawo lozungulira la seti ya hydro-jenereta ndi thupi lolimba lomwe limazungulira mozungulira, ndipo equation yake imatha kufotokozedwa motere:
Mu chilinganizo
——Mphindi ya inertia ya gawo lozungulira la gawo (Kg m2)
——Kuthamanga kwa angular (rad/s)
——Makokedwe a turbine (N/m), kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mawotchi ndi magetsi.
-- Jenereta kukana makokedwe, kutanthauza makokedwe akuchita wa stator jenereta pa rotor, malangizo ake amatsutsana ndi kasinthasintha kayendetsedwe, ndipo imayimira mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya jenereta, ndiko kuti, kukula kwa katundu.
Pamene katundu akusintha, kutsegula kwa chowongolera vane sikunasinthe, ndipo liwiro la unit likhoza kukhazikika pamtengo wina.Chifukwa liwiro lidzachoka pamtengo wovomerezeka, sikokwanira kudalira luso lodziwongolera kuti likhalebe ndi liwiro.Kuti musunge liwiro la unit pamtengo woyambira pomwe katundu atasintha, zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1 kuti ndikofunikira kusintha chowongolera vane kutsegulira moyenerera.Pamene katundu akuchepa, pamene torque yotsutsa imasintha kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 2, kutsegula kwa chowongolera kudzachepetsedwa kukhala 1, ndipo liwiro la unit lidzasungidwa.Choncho, ndi kusintha kwa katundu, kutsegulidwa kwa njira yoyendetsera madzi kumasinthidwa mofanana, kotero kuti liwiro la hydro-generator unit lipitirire pamtengo wokonzedweratu, kapena kusintha malinga ndi lamulo lokonzedweratu.Njirayi ndikusintha liwiro la gawo la hydro-jenereta., kapena turbine regulation.
3. PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Woyang'anira turbine amayang'anira kutsegulira kwa mavane owongolera madzi kuti asinthe kuthamanga kwa turbine, potero amasintha ma torque amphamvu a turbine ndikuwongolera ma frequency a turbine unit.Komabe, pakugwira ntchito kwa turbine ya axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, bwanamkubwa sayenera kungosintha kutsegulira kwa mavane owongolera, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a masamba othamanga molingana ndi stroko ndi mtengo wamutu wamadzi wa wotsatira vane wowongolera, kotero kuti chowongolera chowongolera ndi vane chikugwirizana.Pitirizani mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pawo, ndiye kuti, mgwirizano wogwirizanitsa, womwe ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya turbine, kuchepetsa cavitation ya tsamba ndi kugwedezeka kwa unit, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya turbine.
Ma hardware a PLC control turbine vane system amapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri, omwe ndi PLC controller ndi hydraulic servo system.Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane kamangidwe ka hardware ka PLC controller.
3.1 PLC wolamulira
Wowongolera wa PLC amapangidwa makamaka ndi gawo lolowera, PLC Basic unit ndi gawo lotulutsa.Gawo lothandizira limapangidwa ndi gawo la A / D ndi gawo lolowera digito, ndipo gawo lotulutsa limapangidwa ndi gawo la D / A ndi gawo lolowera digito.Woyang'anira PLC ali ndi chiwonetsero cha digito cha LED chowonera nthawi yeniyeni ya magawo a PID, malo otsatirira vane, malo otsanzira owongolera komanso mtengo wamutu wamadzi.Voltmeter ya analogi imaperekedwanso kuti iwunikire momwe amatsatira vane vane pakakhala vuto la microcomputer controller.
3.2 Hydraulic kutsatira dongosolo
Dongosolo la hydraulic servo ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina owongolera ma turbine vane.Chizindikiro chotulutsa chowongolera chimakulitsidwa ndi hydraulically kuti chiwongolere kuyenda kwa wotsatira vane vane, potero kusintha ngodya ya masamba othamanga.Tinatengera kuphatikiza kwa proportional valve control valve main pressure valve type electro-hydraulic control system ndi chikhalidwe makina-hydraulic control system kuti apange dongosolo lofananira la hydraulic control la electro-hydraulic proportional valve ndi makina-hydraulic valve monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Tsatirani za Hydraulic - ndondomeko yowonjezera ya ma turbine masamba.
Njira yotsatirira ya Hydraulic yamasamba a turbine
Pamene PLC controller, electro-hydraulic proportional valve ndi position sensor zonse zili bwino, PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha makina a turbine vane, mawonekedwe a ndemanga ndi kuwongolera mtengo wake amaperekedwa ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi, ndipo ma sign amapangidwa ndi wolamulira wa PLC., kukonza ndi kupanga zisankho, sinthani kutsegula kwa valve ya valve yaikulu yogawa mphamvu kudzera mu valavu yofananira kuti muyang'ane malo a wotsatira vane, ndikusunga mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa chowongolera, mutu wamadzi ndi valavu.Makina opangira ma turbine vane oyendetsedwa ndi electro-hydraulic proportional valve ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu, mawonekedwe osavuta, kukana kuipitsidwa kwamafuta, ndipo ndiosavuta kulumikizana ndi woyang'anira PLC kuti apange makina owongolera a microcomputer.
Chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa makina olumikizirana ndi makina, mu electro-hydraulic proportional control mode, makina olumikizirananso amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti azitsata momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito.Ngati PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control system ikalephera, valavu yosinthira idzachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, ndipo makina olumikizirana ndi makina amatha kutsata momwe ma electro-hydraulic proportional control system akuyendera.Mukasintha, kukhudzidwa kwa dongosolo kumakhala kochepa, ndipo makina opangira magetsi amatha kusintha mosavuta kupita ku The mechanical association control mode amatsimikizira kudalirika kwa ntchito ya dongosolo.
Pamene tidapanga ma hydraulic circuit, tidakonzanso thupi la valve la hydraulic control valve, kukula kofananira kwa thupi la valve ndi manja a valve, kukula kwa kugwirizana kwa thupi la valve ndi valavu yaikulu, ndi makina Kukula kwa valve. ndodo yolumikizira pakati pa valavu ya hydraulic ndi valavu yayikulu yogawa mphamvu ndiyofanana ndi yoyambayo.Thupi la valve lokha la valve hydraulic valve liyenera kusinthidwa panthawi ya kukhazikitsa, ndipo palibe zigawo zina zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa.Mapangidwe a dongosolo lonse la hydraulic control system ndi lophatikizika kwambiri.Pamaziko osungira kwathunthu makina opangira ma synergy, makina owongolera a electro-hydraulic proportional proportional amawonjezedwa kuti athandizire mawonekedwe ndi wowongolera wa PLC kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwa digito ndikuwongolera kulondola kwadongosolo la turbine vane system.;Ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza zolakwika kwa dongosololi ndikosavuta, komwe kumachepetsa nthawi yocheperako ya hydraulic turbine unit, kumathandizira kusintha kwa hydraulic control system ya hydraulic turbine, ndipo ili ndi phindu lothandiza.Panthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito pamalopo, makinawa amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri opanga magetsi ndi akatswiri amagetsi, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti akhoza kutchuka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydraulic servo system ya bwanamkubwa wa malo ambiri opangira magetsi.
3.3 Kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yamapulogalamu ndi njira yoyendetsera
Mu makina oyendetsedwa ndi turbine vane oyendetsedwa ndi PLC, njira ya digito ya synergy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mgwirizano pakati pa mavane owongolera, mutu wamadzi ndi kutsegula kwa vane.Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yamakina a synergy, njira ya digito ya synergy ili ndi zabwino zake zochepetsera zosavuta, Ili ndi zabwino zowongolera ndikukonza, komanso kuyanjana kwambiri.Mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a vane control system amapangidwa makamaka ndi pulogalamu yosinthira kachitidwe, pulogalamu yowongolera algorithm ndi pulogalamu yozindikira.Pansipa tikambirana njira zokwaniritsira magawo atatu a pulogalamuyi motsatana.Pulogalamu yosinthira ntchito makamaka imaphatikizapo gawo laling'ono la synergy, kagawo kakang'ono koyambitsa vane, kagawo kakang'ono koyimitsa vane ndi gawo laling'ono la kukhetsa kwa vane.Dongosololi likamagwira ntchito, limazindikira kaye ndikuweruza momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito, kenako imayamba kusinthana kwa pulogalamuyo, imagwira ntchito yofananira, ndikuwerengera malo omwe apatsidwa mtengo wa wotsatira vane.
(1) Chigawo chochepa cha mayanjano
Kupyolera muyeso lachitsanzo la turbine unit, mtanda wa mfundo zoyezera pamtunda ukhoza kupezeka.Kamera yolumikizira yachikhalidwe imapangidwa kutengera mfundo zoyezedwazi, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ya digito imagwiritsanso ntchito mfundozi kujambula ma curve olowa.Kusankha mfundo zodziwika pamapindikira ogwirizana ngati mfundo, ndikutengera njira yophatikizira yachidule ya ntchito ya bayinare, phindu la ntchito zomwe sizili pamzerewu wa mgwirizano zitha kupezeka.
(2) Njira yoyambira ya Vane
Cholinga cha kuphunzira lamulo loyambira ndikufupikitsa nthawi yoyambira ya unit, kuchepetsa katundu wa thrust, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi grid pagawo la jenereta.
(3) Vane stop subroutine
Malamulo otsekera a vanes ndi awa: pamene wolamulira alandira lamulo lotsekera, mavane ndi mavani owongolera amatsekedwa nthawi imodzi molingana ndi mgwirizano wa mgwirizano kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwa unit: pamene wotsogolera vane kutsegulira kumakhala kochepa. kuposa kutsegulira kopanda katundu, ma vanes atsekeka Pamene chowongolera chitsekeka pang'onopang'ono, mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa vane ndi chowongolera sichimasungidwanso;pamene liwiro la unit likutsika pansi pa 80% ya liwiro lovotera, vane imatsegulidwanso ku ngodya yoyambira Φ0, kukonzekera kuyambanso kotsatira Konzekerani.
(4) Njira yoletsa kukana kwa tsamba
Katundu kukanidwa kumatanthauza kuti unit ndi katundu mwadzidzidzi kulumikizidwa ku gululi mphamvu, kupanga unit ndi madzi kupatutsidwa dongosolo mu mkhalidwe woipa ntchito, amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha magetsi ndi unit.Pamene katunduyo amakhetsedwa, bwanamkubwayo ndi wofanana ndi chipangizo chotetezera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwongola dzanja ndi ma vanes zitseke nthawi yomweyo mpaka liwiro la unit litsike pafupi ndi liwiro lovomerezeka.bata.Chifukwa chake, pakukhetsa katundu weniweni, mavane nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa mwanjira inayake.Kutsegulaku kumapezedwa kudzera mu mayeso okhetsa katundu wa malo enieni opangira magetsi.Ikhoza kuonetsetsa kuti pamene unit ikukhetsa katundu, osati kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro kumakhala kochepa, komanso gawolo ndilokhazikika..
4 Mapeto
Poganizira zaukadaulo waukadaulo wamakampani olamulira a hydraulic turbine bwanamkubwa wa dziko langa, pepalali likunena za chidziwitso chatsopano cha hydraulic turbine control kunyumba ndi kunja, ndikuyika ukadaulo wa programmable logic controller (PLC) pakuwongolera liwiro la jenereta ya hydraulic turbine generator.Wowongolera pulogalamu (PLC) ndiye pakatikati pa axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system.Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kukuwonetsa kuti chiwembuchi chimathandizira kwambiri kulumikizana bwino pakati pa chowongolera chowongolera ndi chowongolera pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamutu wamadzi, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu yamadzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-11-2022
