Kusungirako pompopompo ndiye ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu zoyika zamalo opangira magetsi zimatha kufikira ma gigawatts.Pakalipano, malo osungira okhwima kwambiri komanso aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi hydro pumped.
Tekinoloje yosungiramo pompopompo ndi yokhwima komanso yokhazikika, yokhala ndi maubwino ambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakuwongolera komanso kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera.Kusungirako pompopompo ndiye ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu zoyika zamalo opangira magetsi zimatha kufikira ma gigawatts.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira za Energy Storage Professional Committee ya China Energy Research Association, ma pumped hydro ndiye malo osungira mphamvu okhwima komanso akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Pofika mchaka cha 2019, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi idafikira ma kilowatts 180 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo yamagetsi yopopera idapitilira ma kilowatts 170 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 94% ya mphamvu zonse zosungira padziko lapansi.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa panthawi yocheperako yamagetsi kupopera madzi pamalo okwera kuti asungidwe, ndikutulutsa madzi kuti apange magetsi panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri.Pamene katunduyo ali wochepa, malo opangira magetsi opopera ndi wogwiritsa ntchito;pamene katundu ali pachimake, ndi magetsi.
Chigawo chosungirako chopopera chili ndi ntchito ziwiri zofunika: kupopera madzi ndi kupanga magetsi.Chigawochi chimagwira ntchito ngati makina opangira madzi pamene katundu wamagetsi ali pachimake.Kutsegula kwa kalozera vane ya turbine madzi ndi kusintha mwa kazembe dongosolo, ndi kuthekera mphamvu madzi ndi n'kukhala mphamvu mawotchi wa unit kasinthasintha, ndiyeno mphamvu mawotchi amasandulika mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera jenereta;
Pamene katundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi achepa, mpope wamadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera kumtsinje wapansi kupita kumtunda wapamwamba.Kupyolera mukusintha kwadongosolo kwa kazembe, kutsegulira kwa kalozera kameneko kumasinthidwa zokha malinga ndi kukweza kwa pampu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamadzi ndikusungidwa..
Malo opangira magetsi opopera ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wowongolera kwambiri, kuwongolera pafupipafupi, kusungitsa zinthu mwadzidzidzi komanso kuyambitsa kwakuda kwamagetsi, komwe kumatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi komanso phindu lazachuma pamakina amagetsi, ndi ndizo msana woonetsetsa kuti magetsi amagetsi akuyenda bwino, achuma komanso okhazikika..Makina opangira magetsi opopera amadziwika kuti "stabilizers", "regulators" ndi "balancers" pakugwira ntchito kotetezeka kwa ma gridi amagetsi.
Kachitidwe kachitukuko ka malo opangira magetsi opopera padziko lapansi ndi mutu wapamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu komanso liwiro lalikulu.Mutu wapamwamba umatanthawuza kuti gawolo limakula mpaka kumutu wapamwamba, mphamvu yaikulu imatanthauza kuti mphamvu ya unit imodzi ikuwonjezeka mosalekeza, ndipo kuthamanga kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chimatenga liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri.
Mapangidwe a siteshoni yamagetsi ndi mawonekedwe
Nyumba zazikulu za malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo: malo osungira chapamwamba, mosungiramo pansi, makina operekera madzi, malo ochitirako misonkhano ndi nyumba zina zapadera.Poyerekeza ndi malo wamba wamagetsi amagetsi, zida zama hydraulic za malo opangira magetsi opopera zili ndi izi:
Pali malo osungira pamwamba ndi pansi.Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi wamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikika yofanana, mphamvu yosungiramo malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono.
Madzi a m'madzi amadzimadzi amasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo amakwera ndi kutsika kawirikawiri.Kuti agwire ntchito yometa kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa mu gridi yamagetsi, kusinthika kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa madzi osungiramo madzi osungiramo magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 10-20 metres, ndipo malo ena opangira magetsi amafika 30- Mamita 40, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa madzi osungiramo madzi kumakhala kwachangu, nthawi zambiri kumafika 5 ~ 8m/h, komanso 8 ~ 10m/h.
Zofunikira popewa kusemphana ndi madzi am'madzi ndizokwera kwambiri.Ngati malo opangira magetsi opopera amapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa dziwe lapamwamba, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi idzachepetsedwa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asawonongeke m'dera la polojekitiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke komanso kuti madzi asapitirire kwambiri, zofunikira zapamwamba zimayikidwanso pa kuteteza madzi osungira madzi.
Mutu wamadzi ndi wapamwamba.Mutu wa malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, nthawi zambiri 200-800 metres.Malo opangira magetsi opopera a Jixi okhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ma kilowatts 1.8 miliyoni ndi projekiti yoyamba ya gawo lalikulu la mita 650 m'dziko langa, ndipo malo opangira magetsi opopera a Dunhua okhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ma kilowatts 1.4 miliyoni ndiye projekiti yoyamba yadziko langa 700- projekiti ya gawo la mutu wa mita.Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha teknoloji yosungiramo kupopera, chiwerengero cha malo opangira magetsi apamwamba kwambiri m'dziko langa chidzawonjezeka.
Chipangizocho chimayikidwa pamalo otsika.Pofuna kuthana ndi chikoka cha kugwedezeka ndi kutuluka kwa magetsi, malo akuluakulu osungira magetsi opopera omwe amamangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja m'zaka zaposachedwa amatenga mawonekedwe a nyumba zopangira magetsi mobisa.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera opopedwa akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi siteshoni yamagetsi ya Netra pumped-storage ku Zurich, Switzerland, yomangidwa mu 1882. Ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi ku China inayamba mochedwa kwambiri.Gawo loyamba la oblique flow reversible unit linakhazikitsidwa ku Gangnan Reservoir mu 1968. Pambuyo pake, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha makampani opangira mphamvu zapakhomo, mphamvu yoikidwa ya mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu yotentha inakula mofulumira, zomwe zimafuna kuti dongosolo lamagetsi likhale ndi zida zosungirako zopopera. .
Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1980, dziko la China layamba kumanga mwamphamvu malo akuluakulu osungira magetsi.M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma cha dziko langa ndi mafakitale amagetsi, dziko langa lakwaniritsa zopindulitsa zasayansi ndi zamakono pazida zodziyimira pawokha zazikulu zosungirako zopopera.
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020, mphamvu zomwe dziko langa zidayika zopangira magetsi opopera zidakwana 31.49 miliyoni kilowatts, chiwonjezeko cha 4.0% kuposa chaka chatha.Mu 2020, mphamvu zopangira magetsi opopera m'dziko lonselo zinali 33.5 biliyoni kWh, kuchuluka kwa 5.0% kuposa chaka chatha;Mphamvu yopangira magetsi yopopera yosungira kumene mdziko muno inali 1.2 miliyoni kWh.malo opangira magetsi a dziko langa omwe akupangidwa komanso omwe akumangidwa ali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
State Grid Corporation yaku China nthawi zonse yakhala ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha malo osungiramo madzi.Pakali pano, State Grid ili ndi malo opangira magetsi okwana 22 omwe akugwira ntchito komanso malo opangira magetsi okwana 30 omwe akumangidwa.
Mu 2016, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi asanu ku Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, ndi Fukang, Xinjiang inayamba;
Mu 2017, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi asanu ndi limodzi ku Yi County ya Hebei, Zhirui ya Inner Mongolia, Ninghai ya Zhejiang, Jinyun ya Zhejiang, Luoning ya Henan ndi Pingjiang ya Hunan inayamba;
Mu 2019, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi asanu ku Funing ku Hebei, Jiaohe ku Jilin, Qujiang ku Zhejiang, Weifang ku Shandong, ndi Hami ku Xinjiang;
Mu 2020, malo anayi opangira magetsi opopera ku Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, ndi Shandong Tai'an Phase II ayamba kumanga.
dziko langa loyamba pumped storage power station yokhala ndi zida zodziyimira pawokha.Mu Okutobala 2011, malo opangira magetsi adamalizidwa bwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti dziko langa lachita bwino luso laukadaulo lokulitsa zida zopopera.
Mu Epulo 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kuti ipange magetsi;mu Epulo 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station yokhala ndi mphamvu ya ma kilowatts 375,000 idalumikizidwa bwino ndi gridi.Zida zodziyimira pawokha zamagawo akulu amapope osungira m'dziko langa zakhala zikudziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.
malo oyamba opangira magetsi okwana 700 m'dziko langa.Mphamvu zonse zomwe zayikidwa ndi ma kilowatts 1.4 miliyoni.Pa Juni 4, 2021, Unit 1 idayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga magetsi.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi akumangidwa.Mphamvu zonse zomwe zayikidwa ndi ma kilowatts 3.6 miliyoni.
Pumped yosungirako ali ndi makhalidwe zofunika, mabuku ndi anthu.Itha kutenga nawo gawo muzowongolera zamakina amagetsi atsopano, maulalo amtaneti, katundu ndi kusungirako, ndipo zopindulitsa zonse ndizofunika kwambiri.Imanyamula makina opangira magetsi otetezedwa ndi magetsi okhazikika, oyeretsa okhala ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba Ntchito yofunikira ya chowongolera chothamanga.
Yoyamba ndiyo kuthana bwino ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yodalirika yosungira mphamvu yamagetsi pansi pa kulowerera kwa mphamvu zambiri zatsopano.Ndi mwayi waulamuliro wa nsonga zapawiri, titha kuwongolera mphamvu yayikulu yoyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa vuto la kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zatsopano komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa chamtsinje.Zovuta zakumwa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zatsopano panthawiyi zitha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano.
Chachiwiri ndikuthana bwino ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi kufunikira kwa katundu, kudalira luso losinthika la kuyankha mwachangu, kuti agwirizane bwino ndi kusakhazikika komanso kusasunthika kwa mphamvu zatsopano, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zosinthika. zobweretsedwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano "malinga ndi nyengo".
Chachitatu ndikuthana bwino ndi mphindi yosakwanira ya inertia yamphamvu yamphamvu yatsopano yamagetsi.Ndi mwayi wa nthawi yayitali ya inertia ya jenereta ya synchronous, imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza za dongosolo ndikusunga dongosolo lokhazikika.
Chachinayi ndikuthana bwino ndi zomwe zingakhudze chitetezo cha mawonekedwe a "double-high" pamakina atsopano amagetsi, kuganiza zosunga zobwezeretsera mwadzidzidzi, ndikuyankha zofunikira zosintha mwadzidzidzi nthawi iliyonse ndikuyimitsa mwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. .Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati katundu wosokonezeka, amatha kuchotsa bwinobwino chiwerengero cha pulojekiti yopopera ndi kuyankha kwa millisecond, ndikuwongolera ntchito yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika ya dongosolo.
Chachisanu ndikuchita bwino ndi ndalama zambiri zosinthira zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa gridi yamagetsi.Kupyolera mu njira zogwirira ntchito zomveka, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zotentha zochepetsera mpweya ndi kuonjezera mphamvu, kuchepetsa kusiya mphepo ndi kuwala, kulimbikitsa kugawidwa kwa mphamvu, ndi kukonza chuma chonse ndi ntchito yoyera ya dongosolo lonse.
Limbikitsani kukhathamiritsa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zomangamanga, kugwirizanitsa chitetezo, khalidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. mu nthawi ya "14th Five-year Plan".kilowatts, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo idzapitirira ma kilowatts 70 miliyoni pofika 2030.
Chachiwiri ndikugwira ntchito molimbika pakuwongolera zowonda.Kulimbitsa malangizo okonzekera, kukhazikika pa cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri" ndikukhazikitsa njira ya kampaniyo, kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa dongosolo lachitukuko la "14th Year Five" losungirako pompopompo.Konzani mwasayansi njira zoyambira zogwirira ntchito, ndikupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wotheka ndi kuvomereza kwa polojekitiyo mwadongosolo.Kuyang'ana pa chitetezo, khalidwe, nthawi yomanga, ndi mtengo, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Kuzama kasamalidwe ka zida zamagetsi, kulitsa kafukufuku wamagulu amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi, konzani njira zogwirira ntchito zamayunitsi, ndikupatseni magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso okhazikika a gridi yamagetsi.Kukulitsa kasamalidwe kotsamira kosiyanasiyana, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga njira zamakono zoperekera zinthu, kukonza kasamalidwe kazinthu, kugawa ndalama mwasayansi, chuma, ukadaulo, deta ndi zinthu zina zopangira, kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwongolera bwino kasamalidwe kabwino kazinthu. magwiridwe antchito.
Chachitatu ndi kufunafuna zotsogola pazatsopano zaukadaulo.Kukhazikitsa mozama kwa "New Leap Forward Action Plan" pazatsopano zasayansi ndiukadaulo, kukulitsa ndalama mu kafukufuku wasayansi, ndikuwongolera luso lodzipangira okha.Wonjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi osinthika, limbitsani kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha mayunitsi akuluakulu a 400-megawatt, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga ma labotale amtundu wapope-turbine ndi ma laboratories oyerekeza, ndikuyesetsa kuti mupange luso lodziyimira pawokha la sayansi ndi ukadaulo. nsanja.
Konzani masanjidwe a kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kugawa kwazinthu, limbitsani kafukufuku waukadaulo wamakina osungira, ndikuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto laukadaulo la "khosi lokhazikika".Limbikitsani kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano monga "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", perekani mokwanira ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi anzeru, ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa digito kwamabizinesi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-07-2022
