Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya Francis turbine

Makina opangira madzi ndi mtundu wa makina opangira ma turbine mumakina amadzimadzi.Pofika zaka za m'ma 100 BC, choyimira cha turbine yamadzi - makina opangira madzi adabadwa.Panthawiyo, ntchito yaikulu inali kuyendetsa makina opangira tirigu ndi ulimi wothirira.Makina opangira madzi, monga chipangizo choyendetsedwa ndi madzi oyenda, apanga makina opangira madzi apano, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwakulitsidwanso.Ndiye kodi makina opangira madzi amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Makina opangira madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira magetsi opopera.Pamene katundu wa dongosolo mphamvu ndi m'munsi kuposa katundu zofunika, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpope madzi ntchito owonjezera mphamvu m'badwo mphamvu kupopera madzi kuchokera mtsinje posungira ku chosungira kumtunda ndi kusunga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu angathe;Pamene katundu wa dongosolo ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi m'munsi katundu, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati turbine madzi kupanga magetsi kusintha nsonga katundu.Choncho, koyera pumped yosungirako magetsi sangathe kuonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo mphamvu, koma akhoza kusintha chuma ntchito mayunitsi matenthedwe mphamvu mphamvu ndi kusintha dzuwa lonse la dongosolo mphamvu.Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1950, malo osungiramo madzi akhala amtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo akukula mofulumira padziko lonse lapansi.

Magawo osungira opopera omwe amapangidwa koyambirira kapena okhala ndi mutu wapamwamba wamadzi nthawi zambiri amatengera mtundu wa makina atatu, ndiye kuti, amapangidwa ndi injini ya jenereta, turbine yamadzi ndi mpope wamadzi motsatizana.Ubwino wake ndikuti mtundu wamadzi ndi mpweya wamadzi umapangidwa padera, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo njira yosinthira yailiyo ndiyomwe imangopopera, kapena kupopa kupanga mphamvu.Pa nthawi yomweyo, turbine angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa unit.Zoyipa zake ndizokwera mtengo komanso kuyika ndalama zambiri pamalo opangira magetsi.

Masamba a othamanga pampu turbine wothamanga amatha kusinthasintha ndikukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino pamene mutu wamadzi ndi katundu zikusintha.Komabe, zochepa ndi mawonekedwe a hydraulic ndi mphamvu zakuthupi, mutu wake waukulu wa madzi unali 136.2m kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 (Kogen No. 1 magetsi ku Japan).Pamitu yayikulu yamadzi, ma turbines amapope a Francis amafunikira.

Malo opangira magetsi opopera amakhala ndi malo osungira kumtunda ndi kumunsi.Pansi pa kusunga mphamvu zomwezo, kuonjezera mutu kungachepetse mphamvu zosungirako, kuonjezera liwiro la unit ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti.Chifukwa chake, malo opangira mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu zapamwamba pamwamba pa 300 metres akukula mwachangu.Makina opangira madzi a Francis omwe ali ndi mutu wapamwamba kwambiri wamadzi padziko lonse lapansi adayikidwa mu siteshoni yamagetsi ya beinabashta ku Yugoslavia.Mphamvu yake ya unit imodzi ndi 315 MW ndipo mutu wamadzi wa turbine ndi mamita 600.3;Pampu ili ndi mutu wa 623.1m ndi liwiro lozungulira la 428.6 R / min.idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1977. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 20, mayunitsi amagetsi opangira madzi akhala akupanga magawo apamwamba komanso mphamvu zazikulu.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamoto mu mphamvu zamagetsi ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu za nyukiliya, kuti athetse vuto la kumeta koyenera, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito yomanga malo osungira magetsi opopera kuwonjezera pakupanga mwamphamvu kapena kukulitsa kwakukulu. malo opangira magetsi m'makina akuluakulu amadzi.Chifukwa chake, makina opangira mapampu apangidwa mwachangu.

Monga makina amagetsi omwe amasintha mphamvu yamadzi oyenda kukhala mphamvu yamakina ozungulira, makina opangira madzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga jenereta yamadzi.Masiku ano, vuto la kuteteza chilengedwe likukulirakulirakulira.Hydropower, njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera, ikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikukweza.Kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zama hydraulic, mafunde, mitsinje yotsika yokhala ndi mafunde otsika komanso mafunde akopa chidwi chofala, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ma turbine achubu ndi timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tatukuke.