Kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a turbine

Makina opangira mphamvu amatha kugawidwa mu turbine ya Francis, axial turbine, diagonal turbine ndi tubular turbine.Mu turbine ya Francis, madzi amayenda mozungulira munjira yowongolera madzi ndi axially kunja kwa wothamanga;Mu axial flow turbine, madzi amayenda mu kalozera vane radially ndi kulowa ndi kunja kwa wothamanga axially;Mu cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira, madzi amalowa mu chowongolera chowongolera mozungulira ndikulowera kolowera komwe kumalowera mbali ina ya shaft yayikulu, kapena mu chowongolera chowongolera ndi chothamangira komwe kumalowera kutsinde lalikulu;Mu turbine ya tubular, madzi amayenda mumayendedwe owongolera ndi othamanga motsatira njira ya axial.Axial flow turbine, tubular turbine ndi diagonal flow turbine amathanso kugawidwa mumtundu wa propeller wokhazikika ndi mtundu wa propeller wozungulira malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo.Masamba osasunthika opalasa paddle amakhazikika;Tsamba la rotor la mtundu wa propeller limatha kuzungulira tsinde la blade panthawi yogwira ntchito kuti ligwirizane ndi kusintha kwa mutu wamadzi ndi katundu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama turbines imakhala ndi zida zolowetsa madzi.Zipangizo zolowera m'madzi za ma turbines akulu ndi akulu akulu osunthika osunthika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma volute, fixed guide vane ndi kalozera wosuntha.Ntchito ya volute ndikugawa mofanana madzi oyenda mozungulira wothamanga.Pamene mutu wamadzi uli pansi pa 40m, chozungulira cha hydraulic turbine nthawi zambiri chimaponyedwa ndi konkire yolimbitsa pamalopo;Mutu wamadzi ukakwera kuposa 40m, chitsulo chozungulira chachitsulo chowotcherera matako kapena kuponyera kophatikizana chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Mu turbine reaction, madzi oyenda amadzaza njira yonse yothamanga, ndipo masamba onse amakhudzidwa ndi kutuluka kwa madzi nthawi yomweyo.Chifukwa chake, pansi pamutu womwewo, m'mimba mwake wothamanga ndi wocheperako kuposa wa turbine yamphamvu.Kuchita bwino kwawo ndikwapamwamba kuposa kwa turbine yamagetsi, koma katundu akasintha, mphamvu ya turbine imakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Ma turbines onse amachitira zinthu amakhala ndi machubu ojambulira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza mphamvu ya kinetic yakuyenda kwamadzi pamalo othamanga;Thirani madzi pamwamba;Pamene malo oyika othamanga ali apamwamba kuposa mlingo wa madzi akunsi kwa mtsinje, mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zimasandulika kukhala mphamvu yokakamiza kuti ayambe kuchira.Kwa turbine ya hydraulic yokhala ndi mutu wotsika komanso kutuluka kwakukulu, mphamvu ya kinetic ya wothamangayo ndi yayikulu, ndipo kuchira kwa chubu chowongolera kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya hydraulic turbine.