M'mitsinje yachilengedwe, madzi amayenda kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda wosakanikirana ndi dothi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsuka mtsinje wa mtsinje ndi mapiri otsetsereka, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti pali mphamvu inayake yobisika m'madzi.Pansi pa chilengedwe, mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta, kukankhira zinyalala ndikugonjetsa kukana kwamphamvu.Ngati timanga nyumba zina ndikuyika zida zofunika kuti madzi aziyenda mokhazikika kudzera mu makina opangira madzi, makina opangira madzi amayendetsedwa ndi madzi, monga mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imatha kuzungulira mosalekeza, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi idzasinthidwa. mu mphamvu zamakina.Pamene turbine yamadzi imayendetsa jenereta kuti izungulira pamodzi, imatha kupanga magetsi, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi imasandulika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Iyi ndiye mfundo yayikulu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi.Ma turbine amadzi ndi ma jenereta ndiye zida zofunika kwambiri zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.Ndiroleni ndikufotokozereni mwachidule za chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
1. Mphamvu ya hydropower ndi madzi oyenda
Popanga malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi amadzi, kuti mudziwe kukula kwa malo opangira magetsi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi pamalopo.Malingana ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi, sizovuta kuona kuti mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchitidwa ndi panopa.Timatcha ntchito yonse yomwe madzi amatha kuchita panthawi inayake ngati mphamvu ya madzi, ndipo ntchito yomwe ingatheke panthawi imodzi (yachiwiri) imatchedwa mphamvu yamakono.Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri, m'pamenenso mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi.Choncho, kuti tidziwe mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi, choyamba tiyenera kuwerengera mphamvu ya madzi.Mphamvu yoyendetsa madzi mumtsinje imatha kuwerengedwa motere, poganiza kuti kutsika kwamadzi m'chigawo china cha mtsinjewo ndi H (mamita), ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a H kudutsa gawolo la mtsinje mu unit. nthawi (masekondi) ndi Q (ma kiyubiki mita / sekondi), ndiye kutuluka Mphamvu ya gawo ndi yofanana ndi mankhwala a kulemera kwa madzi ndi dontho.Mwachiwonekere, pamene madzi akutsika kwambiri, amathamanga kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri.
2. Kutulutsa kwa malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi
Pansi pa mutu wina ndikuyenda, magetsi omwe malo opangira magetsi amadzi amatchedwa hydropower output.Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu yotulutsa imadalira mphamvu ya madzi akuyenda kudzera mu turbine.Posintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, madzi amayenera kuthana ndi kukana kwa mitsinje kapena nyumba zomwe zili panjira kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumunsi kwa mtsinje.Ma turbine amadzi, ma jenereta, ndi zida zotumizira zimayeneranso kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri panthawi yantchito.Pofuna kuthana ndi kukana, ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo mphamvu yothamanga madzi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe sizingatheke.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yoyendetsera madzi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi ndi yaying'ono kuposa mtengo womwe umapezeka mwachilinganizo, ndiye kuti, kutulutsa kwa hydropower station kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi mphamvu yamadzi yochulukitsidwa ndi chinthu chochepera 1. Coefficient iyi imatchedwanso mphamvu ya hydropower station.
Kufunika kwapadera kwa mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika pamene madzi akuyenda m'nyumba ndi makina opangira madzi, zipangizo zotumizira, jenereta, ndi zina zotero, kutayika kwakukulu, kutsika kwachangu.Pamalo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, kuchuluka kwa zotayikazi kumakhala pafupifupi 25-40% ya mphamvu yakuyenda kwamadzi.Izi zikutanthauza kuti, madzi oyenda omwe amatha kupanga ma kilowatts 100 a magetsi amalowa m'malo opangira magetsi, ndipo jenereta imatha kupanga 60 mpaka 75 kilowatts yamagetsi, kotero kuti mphamvu ya hydropower station ndiyofanana ndi 60 ~ 75%.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku chiyambi cham'mbuyomo kuti pamene mphamvu yothamanga ya siteshoni yamagetsi ndi kusiyana kwa mlingo wa madzi kumakhala kosalekeza, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imadalira mphamvu.Zochita zatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito a ma hydraulic turbines, ma jenereta ndi zida zotumizira, zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, monga momwe amapangira nyumba ndi kuyika zida, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi kasamalidwe, komanso ngati mapangidwe a malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi olondola, ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira magetsi.Zoonadi, zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza izi ndizoyamba ndipo zina ndizochiwiri, ndipo pansi pazifukwa zina, zinthu zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri zidzasinthanso.
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za chimene chiri, chinthu chachikulu n’chakuti anthu si zinthu, makina amalamuliridwa ndi anthu, ndipo luso lazopangapanga limayang’aniridwa ndi maganizo.Chifukwa chake, pakupanga, kumanga ndi kusankha zida za malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kwathunthu gawo la anthu, ndikuyesetsa kuchita bwino paukadaulo kuti muchepetse kutaya mphamvu kwamadzi otaya madzi momwe mungathere.Izi ndi za malo ena opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi pomwe madzi akutsika okha.Ndikofunikira makamaka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa bwino ntchito ndi kuyang'anira malo opangira magetsi, kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu za malo opangira magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mokwanira, komanso kuti malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi azitha kugwira ntchito yaikulu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-09-2021
