China inyika ichiri kusimukira ine vanhu vakawanda uye ine marasha anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose.Kuzadzisa chinangwa che "carbon peak uye carbon neutrality" (pano inonzi "dual carbon" chinangwa) sezvakarongwa, mabasa akaoma uye matambudziko asati amboitika.Nzira yekurwa sei iyi hondo yakaoma, kuhwina iyi bvunzo hombe, uye kuona girinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni budiriro, kuchine zvakawanda zvakakosha nyaya dzinoda kujekeswa, imwe yacho manzwisisiro emagetsi epasi penyika yangu.
Saka, kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa che "dual-carbon" chemagetsi madiki emvura isarudzo inogoneka?Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwesimba remagetsi diki rakakura here kana kuti rakaipa?Matambudziko ezvimwe zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi i“ngwavaira yezvakatipoteredza” isingagadzirisiki here?Ko simba remagetsi diki renyika yangu “rakashandiswa zvakanyanya”?Iyi mibvunzo inoda nekukasika kufunga nemhinduro dzesainzi uye dzine musoro.
Nesimba kugadzira simba rinogoneka uye nekukasira kuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi rinoenderana nechikamu chepamusoro chesimba rinodzokororwa ndiko kubvumirana uye kuita kweshanduko yesimba repasi rose, uye zvakare isarudzo yehungwaru yekuti nyika yangu iwane "dual carbon". ” chinangwa.
Munyori Mukuru Xi Jinping akati paClimate Ambition Summit uye ichangoburwa Leaders Climate Summit pakupera kwegore rapfuura: "Nen-fossil simba richaita 25% yekushandiswa kwesimba kwekutanga muna 2030, uye huwandu hwakaiswa hwemhepo nesolar. simba richasvika kupfuura 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts."China ichanyatso kudzora mapurojekiti emagetsi emarasha."
Kuti uite izvi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kwemagetsi emagetsi panguva imwe chete, kana zviwanikwa zvepasi pemvura yenyika yangu zvinogona kugadzirwa zvizere uye kukudziridzwa kutanga kunoita basa rakakosha.Zvikonzero ndezvizvi:
Yekutanga ndeyekusangana nezvinodiwa zve25% yeasina-fossil simba masosi muna 2030, uye hydropower inokosha.Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeindasitiri, muna 2030, nyika yangu isiri-fossil simba rekugadzira simba rinofanirwa kusvika kudarika 4.6 trillion kilowatt-maawa pagore.Panguva iyoyo, simba remhepo uye simba rezuva rakaiswa simba rinozounganidza 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts, pamwe neiripo simba remvura, simba renyukireya uye mamwe asiri efossil simba rekugadzira.Pane gap remagetsi rinosvika 1 trillion kilowatt-maawa.Muchokwadi, simba rekugadzira magetsi ezviwanikwa zvehydropower zvinogona kuvandudzwa munyika yangu zvakakwira se3 trillion kilowatt-maawa pagore.Ikozvino nhanho yekusimudzira iri pasi pe44% (yakaenzana nekurasikirwa kwe1.7 trillion kilowatt-maawa ekugadzira magetsi pagore).Kana ichikwanisa kusvika paavhareji yemazuva ano yenyika dzakabudirira Kusvika ku80% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura inogona kuwedzera 1.1 trillion kilowatt-maawa emagetsi gore negore, iyo isingazadzi gaka remagetsi chete, asiwo inowedzera zvikuru simba redu rekuchengetedza mvura semafashamo. kudzivirira nekusanaya kwemvura, kupa mvura nekudiridza.Nekuti simba remvura uye kuchengetedza mvura hazviparadzaniswe zvachose, kugona kudzora nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura kwakadzikira kuti nyika yangu isare kumashure kwenyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica.
Chechipiri ndechekugadzirisa dambudziko rekusagadzikana kwesimba remhepo uye simba rezuva, uye hydropower zvakare haiparadzaniswe.Muna 2030, chikamu chesimba remhepo rakaiswa uye simba rezuva mugedhi remagetsi richawedzera kubva pasi pe25% kusvika pa40%.Simba reMhepo uye simba rezuva ese ari maviri anopindirana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye iyo yakakwira chikamu, inokwirisa zvinodikanwa zvegridi simba rekuchengetedza.Pakati penzira dzose dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzwa kwepombi, iyo ine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana, ndiyo teknolojia yakakura kwazvo, sarudzo yakanakisisa yehupfumi, uye mukana wekukura kukuru.Kubva pakupera kwa2019, 93.4% yemapurojekiti epasirese ekuchengetedza simba anopombi, uye 50% yesimba rakaiswa rekuchengetedza pombi rakaiswa munyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica.Kushandisa "kukura kwakazara kwesimba remvura" se "bhatiri repamusoro" pakukura kukuru kwesimba remhepo uye simba rezuva uye kurishandura kuita yakagadzikana uye inodzoreka yemhando yepamusoro simba chiitiko chakakosha cheazvino vatungamiri vekuderedza carbon emission. .Parizvino, nyika yangu yakaiswa pumped storage capacity accounts chete 1.43% yegridi, chinova chikanganiso chikuru chinotadzisa kuzadzikiswa kwe "dual carbon" chinangwa.
Diki remagetsi anoverengera chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chenyika yangu yese inogadzirika hydropower zviwanikwa (zvakaenzana nenhanhatu dzeThree Gorges magetsi).Kwete chete kugadzirwa kwayo kwemagetsi uye mipiro yekudzikisa kuburitsa haigone kufuratirwa, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, madiki madiki emagetsi emagetsi akaparadzirwa munyika yose Inogona kushandurwa kuita pombi-yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi uye kuve yakakosha tsigiro yakakosha ye "simba idzva inojairana nechikamu chepamusoro chesimba remhepo uye simba rezuva mugridi."
Zvakadaro, simba remagetsi diki renyika yangu rasangana nekukanganisa kwe "saizi imwe inokodzera kuparadzwa kwese" mune dzimwe nzvimbo apo simba rekushandisa harisati ranyatsogadzirwa.Nyika dzakabudirira, idzo dzakasimukira zvikuru kupfuura dzedu, dzichiri kutatarika kushandisa simba remagetsi madiki emvura.Semuenzaniso, muna Kubvumbi 2021, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weUnited States, Harris, akataura pachena kuti: “Hondo yakapfuura yaive yekurwira oiri, uye yakatevera yaive yekurwira mvura.Biden's infrastructure bill ichatarisa nezvekuchengetedza mvura, izvo zvinounza basa.Zvinoenderanawo nezviwanikwa zvatinovimba nazvo kuti tirarame.Kuisa mari muiyi “chinhu chinokosha” mvura kuchasimbisa simba renyika yeUnited States.Switzerland, uko kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kunosvika 97%, ichaita zvese zvinogoneka kuti ishandise zvisinei nehukuru hwerwizi kana kureba kwekudonha., Nekuvaka tunnels refu uye mapaipi mumakomo, zviwanikwa zvehydropower zvakapararira mumakomo nehova zvichaiswa mumadhamu uye zvozoshandiswa zvizere.
Mumakore achangopfuura, magetsi emagetsi madiki akashoropodzwa sehonzeri huru ye "kukuvadza ecology".Vamwe vanhu vakatokurudzira kuti "zviteshi zvidiki zvese zvemagetsi zviri pamikoto yeRwizi rweYangtze zviputswe."Kupikisa diki simba remvura rinoita se "fashoni."
Zvisineyi nezve mabhenefiti maviri makuru ezve ecology emagetsi madiki emagetsi ekudzikisira kabhoni munyika yangu uye "kutsiviwa kwehuni nemagetsi" munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kune mashoma mashoma epfungwa pfungwa dzisingafanirwe kuve dzisina kujeka kana zvasvika kune ecology kuchengetedzwa kwenzizi. kuti maonero evanhu vane hanya nazvo.Zviri nyore kupinda mu "ecological ignorance" -bata kuparadzwa se "dziviriro" uye kudzokera shure se "budiriro".
Imwe ndeyokuti rwizi runoyerera nomuzvarirwo uye rusina zvipingamupinyi chipi nechipi hachisati chiri chikomborero asi ngwavaira nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu.Vanhu vanorarama nemvura uye vanorega nzizi dziyerera zvakasununguka, izvo zvakangofanana nokurega mafashamo achifashukira akasununguka panguva yemvura yakakwirira, uye kurega nzizi dzichioma zvakasununguka munguva dzemvura shoma.Ndizvo chaizvo nokuti nhamba yezviitiko uye kufa kwemafashamo uye kusanaya kwemvura ndiyo yakakwirira pakati pematambudziko ose echisikigo, kutonga kwemafashamo enzizi kwagara kuchionekwa sechinhu chikuru chekutonga muChina nekune dzimwe nyika.Tekinoroji yemagetsi uye tekinoroji yemagetsi yakaita hunyanzvi mukugona kudzora mafashama enzizi.Kufashamira kwenzizi nemafashamo zvave zvichionekwa sesimba risingadzivisiki rinoparadza kubva panguva dzekare, uye dzave kutonga kwevanhu., Shandisa simba uye uite kuti ribatsire munharaunda (kudiridza minda, kuwana simba, nezvimwewo).Naizvozvo, kuvaka madhamu uye kuvhara mvura yekugadzira minda ndiko kufambira mberi kwebudiriro yevanhu, uye kubviswa kwemadhamu ese kunobvumira vanhu kuti vadzokere kuhutsinye hwe “kuvimba nedenga kuti vawane chikafu, kusiya basa, uye kungonamatira kune zvakasikwa”.
Chechipiri, yakanaka ecology nharaunda yenyika dzakasimukira nematunhu zvakanyanya kukonzerwa nekuvakwa kwemadhamu enzizi uye kuzara kwesimba remagetsi.Parizvino, kunze kwekuvaka madhamu nemadhamu, vanhu havana imwe nzira yekunyatsogadzirisa kupokana kwekugovewa kusina kuenzana kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yemusikirwo munguva nenzvimbo.Kugona kudzora nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakaratidzwa nedhigirii rekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura uye per capita yekuchengetedza huwandu haupo pasi rese.Mutsara”, pane kudaro, iyo yakakwirira iri nani.Nyika dzakasimukira muEurope neUnited States dzakapedza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura murwizi kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, uye avhareji yavo yekukura kwesimba remagetsi emvura uye huwandu hwekuchengetedza huwandu hwakapetwa nekashanu hwenyika yangu, zvichiteerana.Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kwenguva yakareba kuti mapurojekiti emagetsi emvura haasi "kuvharira matumbo" enzizi, asi "sphincter muscles" inodiwa kuchengetedza hutano.Chiyero cheCascade hydropower budiriro yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeDanube, Rhine, Columbia, Mississippi, Tennessee nedzimwe nzizi huru dzeEurope neAmerica dzeRwizi rwaYangtze, idzo dzese dzakanaka, dzakabudirira mune zvehupfumi, uye nzvimbo dzinowirirana nevanhu nemvura. .
Chechitatu kupera simba kwemvura uye kuvhiringwa kwezvikamu zvenzizi zvichikonzerwa nekutsauswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura, uko kusiri kutungamira zvakanaka kwete kukanganisa kwazvinoita.Diversion hydropower station imhando yetekinoroji yekushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba remvura iro rakatekeshera kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.Nekuda kwekutanga kuvakwa kweimwe diversion-mhando madiki emagetsi emagetsi mapurojekiti munyika yangu, kuronga uye dhizaini zvaive zvisiri zvesainzi zvakakwana.Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina ruzivo uye nzira dzekutarisira kuti ive nechokwadi che "ecological flow", izvo zvakaita kuti mvura iwedzere kushandiswa kwekugadzira magetsi uye chikamu cherwizi pakati pemiti nemadhamu (kunyanya makiromita akati wandei pakureba).Chiitiko chekupera kwemvura uye kuoma kwenzizi mune mamwe makumi emakiromita) yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nemaonero everuzhinji.Pasina kupokana, kupera simba kwemvura uye kuoma-kuyerera hakuna kunaka kune ecology yerwizi, asi kugadzirisa dambudziko, isu hatigone kurova bhodhi, kukonzera uye kukanganisa kusawirirana, uye kuisa ngoro pamberi pebhiza.Zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kujekeswa: Chekutanga, mamiriro enzvimbo yenyika yangu anoratidza kuti nzizi dzakawanda ndedzemwaka.Kunyangwe pasina chiteshi chemagetsi emvura, chiteshi cherwizi chinopera mvura uye chakaoma munguva yekuoma (ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vese vekare nevemazuva ano China nenyika dzekunze vakatarisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwekuchengetedza mvura uye kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu uye kuoma).Mvura haisvibise mvura, uye kupera kwemvura uye kucheka kunokonzerwa neimwe diversion-mhando diki hydropower inogona kugadziriswa zvachose kuburikidza neshanduko yetekinoroji uye kusimbiswa kwekutarisa.Mumakore maviri apfuura, diversion-mhando yemagetsi madiki emvura yakapedzisa shanduko yehunyanzvi ye "24-awa inoramba ichiyerera yeecological kuyerera", uye yakamisa yakasimba chaiyo-nguva yepamhepo yekutarisa system uye yekutarisa chikuva.
Naizvozvo, pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kunzwisisa kukosha kwakakosha kwesimba remagetsi madiki kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwenzizi diki nepakati: haingovimbisi chete kuyerera kwezvisikwa zverwizi rwekutanga, asi zvakare inoderedza njodzi dzemafashama, uye zvakare inosangana nezvido zveraramo zvekupa mvura nekudiridzira.Parizvino, magetsi madiki emvura anogona chete kugadzira magetsi kana paine mvura yakawandisa mushure mekuona kuyerera kwemvura yerwizi.Imhaka yekuti kuvepo kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoita kuti materu ekutanga akwire zvakanyanya uye zvakaoma kuchengeta mvura kunze kwemwaka wekunaya kwemvura.Pane kudaro, inotsikwa.Ivhu rinochengeta mvura uye rinovandudza zvakanyanya ecology.Mamiriro emagetsi madiki emagetsi emagetsi akakosha anodiwa pakuona raramo yemisha midiki nepakati nepakati nemataundi uye kutonga nekudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura zvenzizi diki nepakati.Nekuda kwedambudziko rekutadza kutungamira zvakanaka kwezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi, magetsi madiki ese emvura anoputswa nechisimba, izvo zvine mubvunzo.
Hurumende yepakati yakaratidza pachena kuti kukwira kwekabhoni uye kusarerekera kabhoni kunofanirwa kuverengerwa muhurongwa hwese hwekuvakwa kwebudiriro yezvipenyu.Munguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, budiriro yenyika yangu yeecology inotarisana nekudzikisa kabhoni seyakakosha nzira.Isu tinofanirwa kutevedzera tisingazungunuke nzira yebudiriro yemhando yepamusoro ine ecological pamberi, girinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni.Ecological kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimukira kwehupfumi zvakabatana uye zvinopindirana.
Kuti hurumende dzematunhu dzinofanira kunyatsonzwisisa uye kunyatsoita sei mitemo uye zvinodiwa nehurumende yepakati.Fujian Xiadang Diki Hydropower yakaita dudziro yakanaka yeizvi.
Xiadang Township muNingde, Fujian yaimbova taundi rakashata uye "Mashanu Hapana Mataundi" (hapana migwagwa, hapana mvura yemupombi, hapana mwenje, pasina mari, hapana nzvimbo yehofisi yehurumende) kumabvazuva kweFujian.Kushandisa mvura yomunzvimbomo kuvaka chiteshi chemagetsi “kwakaenzana nokubata huku inogona kukandira mazai.Muna 1989, apo mari yemuno yakanga yanyanya kunetsa, Dare reNingde Prefectural rakagovera 400,000 yuan kuvaka diki simba remvura.Kubva ipapo, bato rezasi rakaonekana nenhoroondo yembambo mitsetse uye mwenje wepine resin.Kudiridza kwemaeka anopfuura zviuru zviviri eminda yekurima kwakagadziriswawo, uye vanhu vatanga kufungisisa nezvenzira yekupfuma, vachiumba mbiru mbiri dzemaindasitiri etii nekushanya.Nekuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu uye kudiwa kwemagetsi, Xiadang Diki Hydropower Kambani yakaita kusimudzira nekusimudzira nekushandura kakawanda.Iyi chiteshi chemagetsi chemhando ye "kukuvadza rwizi uye kutenderedza mvura yekugadzira nzvimbo" ikozvino iri kuramba ichiburitswa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.Kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza kunovimbisa kuti nzizi dzezasi dzakajeka uye dzakatsetseka, zvichiratidza mufananidzo wakanaka wekupedza urombo, kumutsiridza kumaruwa, uye girinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni kusimukira.Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi ekufambisa hupfumi hwebato rimwe chete, kuchengetedza nharaunda, uye kubatsira vanhu vebato rimwe chete ndiko kuratidzwa kwemagetsi madiki emagetsi munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaruwa nedzekure dzenyika yedu.
Nekudaro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, "kubviswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura mubhodhi" uye "kukurumidza kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi madiki" kunoonekwa se "kudzoreredza ecology uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza".Iyi tsika yakakonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba pakuvandudza hupfumi uye hupfumi hwevanhu, uye kutarisisa kwekukurumidzira kunodiwa uye kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.semuyenzaniso:
Yekutanga ndeyekuviga njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hupenyu nemidziyo yevanhu veko.Inoda kusvika 90% yekutadza kwedhamu munyika kunoitika mumadhamu edhamu asina zviteshi zvemagetsi.Tsika yekuchengeta dhamu redhamu asi kuputsa chikamu chemagetsi emvura inotyora sainzi uye zvakangofanana nekurasikirwa nevimbiso yekuchengeteka inonyatsoshanda maererano nehunyanzvi uye kutonga kwekuchengetedza dhamu zuva nezuva.
Chechipiri, matunhu akatowana peak yemagetsi kabhoni anofanirwa kuwedzera simba remarasha kugadzirisa kushomeka.Hurumende inoda kuti matunhu ane zvimiro atungamire mukuzadzikisa chinangwa chekusvika panhongonya.Kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi madiki pabhodhi kuchawedzera kupihwa kwemarasha nemagetsi munzvimbo umo mamiriro ezviwanikwa haana kunaka, zvikasadaro pachava nemukaha mukuru, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kutotambura nekushomeka kwemagetsi.
Yechitatu ndeyekukuvadza zvakanyanya nzvimbo dzechisikigo uye manyoro uye kuderedza kudzivirira njodzi uye kuderedza kugona munzvimbo dzemakomo.Nekubviswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotaridzika zvakanaka, nzvimbo dzemanyoro, mabhishi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzisingawanzo shiri dzinoenderana nenzvimbo yedhamu hadzichavepo.Pasina kupera simba kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, hazvibviri kuderedza kukoromoka uye kukukurwa kwemipata yemakomo nenzizi, uye njodzi dzegeological dzakadai sekudonha kwevhu nemadhaka zvichawedzerawo.
Chechina, kukwereta nekubvisa zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogona kukonzera njodzi dzemari uye kukanganisa kugadzikana kwevanhu.Kubviswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kunoda mari yakawanda yemuripo, izvo zvichaisa matunhu mazhinji ehurumende ane hurombo achangobva kubvisa heti pazvikwereti zvakakura.Kana muripo wacho usiri munzvimbo nenguva, zvinotungamira kune kusakwana kwechikwereti.Parizvino, kwave nekukakavadzana kwevanhu uye zviitiko zvekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Hydropower haisi simba rakachena chete rinozivikanwa nenharaunda yepasi rose, asiwo ine hurongwa hwemvura uye kutonga basa risingagoni kutsiviwa nemamwe mapurojekiti.Nyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States hadzina kumbobvira dzapinda “munguva yekuputswa kwemadhamu”.Kusiyana neizvi, imhaka yekuti mwero wekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye yemunhu wega wega wekuchengetedza huwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura hwenyika yedu.Kurudzira shanduko ye "100% renewable energy muna 2050" nemutengo wakaderera uye kushanda kwakanyanya.
Mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura, nekuda kwekutsauswa kwe "demonization of hydropower," manzwisisiro evanhu vakawanda pamusoro pemagetsi emvura yakaramba iri pamwero wakaderera.Mamwe mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi ane chekuita nehupfumi hwenyika uye mararamiro evanhu akakanzurwa kana kupererwa.Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyika yangu ikozvino kutonga zviwanikwa zvemvura inongori chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu cheavhareji nhanho yenyika dzakabudirira, uye huwandu hwemvura huripo pamunhu hwakagara huri mu "kushaikwa kwakanyanya kwemvura" nemitemo yenyika, uye Yangtze River Basin yakatarisana nekudzora kwakasimba mafashama uye kurwisa kwemafashama kanenge gore rega rega.pressure.Kana kupindira kwe "demonization of hydropower" kusina kubviswa, zvichange zvakatonyanya kuoma kwatiri kuita "dual carbon" chinangwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemupiro kubva kumagetsi.
Kungave kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yenyika uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kana kuzadzisa chisungo chenyika yangu kune chinangwa chepasi rose che "dual-carbon", kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura hakuchanonoke.Izvo zvakakosha kuchenesa uye kugadzirisa indasitiri diki yemagetsi emagetsi, asi haigone kuwandisa uye kukanganisa mamiriro ese, uye hazvigone kuitwa mubhodhi rose, ndoda kumisa kunotevera kusimudzira kwemagetsi madiki ane simba guru rekushandisa.Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kudzokera kuhungwaru hwesayenzi, kubatanidza kubvumirana kwavanhu, kudzivisa kutsauka nenzira dzisina kururama, uye kubhadhara mari isingakoshi yenzanga.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-14-2021
