Kuchengetedzwa kwepombi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura tekinoroji muhukuru-hukuru kuchengetedza simba, uye iyo yakaiswa simba rezviteshi zvemagetsi inogona kusvika gigawatts.Parizvino, iyo yakakura uye yakakura kwazvo yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza pasi rose inopomba hydro.
Pumped kuchengetedza tekinoroji yakakura uye yakagadzikana, ine yakakwirira yakazara mabhenefiti, uye inowanzo shandiswa peak mutemo uye backup.Kuchengetedzwa kwepombi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura tekinoroji muhukuru-hukuru kuchengetedza simba, uye iyo yakaiswa simba rezviteshi zvemagetsi inogona kusvika gigawatts.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana hweEnergy Storage Professional Committee yeChina Energy Research Association, pumped hydro ndiyo yakanyanya kukura uye yakakura kwazvo yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza pasi rose.Kubva muna 2019, simba rekuchengetedza simba repasi rose rakasvika 180 miriyoni kilowatts, uye simba rakaiswa repombi yekuchengetedza simba rakapfuura 170 miriyoni kilowatts, inoverengera 94% yepasi rose rekuchengetedza simba.
Pombi-yekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi anoshandisa magetsi anogadzirwa panguva yakaderera kuremerwa kwesimba remagetsi kupomba mvura kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira yekuchengetera, uye kuburitsa mvura kugadzira magetsi panguva yekuremerwa kwepamusoro.Kana mutoro wacho wakadzikira, pombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi ndiye mushandisi;kana mutoro wacho uri pamusoro, ndiyo magetsi.
Iyo pumped storage unit ine maviri akakosha mabasa: kupomba mvura uye kugadzira magetsi.Iyo unit inoshanda seye turbine yemvura kana mutoro wemagetsi system uri pakakwirira.Kuvhurwa kwegiyadhi vane yemvura turbine inogadziriswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwegavhuna, uye simba ringave remvura rinoshandurwa kuita magetsi emagetsi eiyo unit kutenderera, uye ipapo simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nejenereta;
Kana mutoro wesimba remagetsi wakadzikira, pombi yemvura inoshandiswa kupomba mvura kubva padhamu rezasi kuenda kudhamu repamusoro.Kuburikidza neiyo otomatiki gadziriso yegavhuna sisitimu, iyo gwara vane kuvhura inogadziridzwa otomatiki zvinoenderana nekusimudza kwepombi, uye simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remvura uye rinochengetwa..
Mapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi ndiwo anonyanya kuita nezve peak regulation, frequency regulation, emergency backup uye dema kutanga kwesimba system, iyo inogona kuvandudza uye kuenzanisa mutoro wesimba remagetsi, kuvandudza kunaka kwemagetsi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi hwesimba remagetsi, uye ndiwo musana wekuvimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka, kwehupfumi uye kwakagadzikana kwegridhi yemagetsi..Pumped-storage power plants inozivikanwa se "stabilizers", "regulators" uye "balancers" mukushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi emagetsi.
Mafambiro ekusimudzira epasirese epasi rose ekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi musoro wakakwirira, hukuru hukuru uye kumhanya kwakanyanya.Musoro wepamusoro unoreva kuti chikwata chinokura kusvika kumusoro wepamusoro, simba guru rinoreva kuti kukwanisa kwechikwata chimwe chete kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunoreva kuti chikwata chinotora kukurumidza kwepamusoro.
Simba chiteshi chimiro uye maitiro
Zvivakwa zvikuru zvepombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi kazhinji zvinosanganisira: repamusoro dhiza, rezasi reservoir, nzira yekuendesa mvura, musangano uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha.Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa hydropower zviteshi, ma hydraulic zvimiro zvemapombi ekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi zvine anotevera maitiro makuru:
Kune madhamu epamusoro nepasi.Zvichifananidzwa nezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi ane simba rakafanana rakaiswa, reservoir reservoir yepombi-yekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi kazhinji ishoma.
Nhamba yemvura yedhamu inoshanduka zvikuru uye inokwira uye inodonha kazhinji.Kuti uite basa rekuveura ndebvu uye kuzadza mupata mugetsi remagetsi, kusiyanisa kwezuva nezuva kwedhamu remvura yemvura yepombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi kazhinji yakakura, kazhinji inodarika 10-20 metres, uye mamwe magetsi anosvika makumi matatu- 40 metres, uye chiyero chekuchinja kwemvura yemvura inomhanya, kazhinji inosvika 5 ~ 8m/h, uye kunyange 8 ~ 10m/h.
Reservoir seepage kudzivirira zvinodiwa zvakakwirira.Kana iyo yakachena pumped storage power station inokonzeresa kuwanda kwekurasikirwa kwemvura nekuda kwekuyerera kwechidziva chepamusoro, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwechiteshi chemagetsi kuchaderedzwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinda kubva pakuipa kwemamiriro ehydrogeological munzvimbo yeprojekiti, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwesepage uye kunyura kwakadzika, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswawo padziviriro yekudzivirira kwemvura.
Musoro wemvura wakakwirira.Musoro wepombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi kazhinji wakakwira, kazhinji 200-800 metres.Chiteshi chemagetsi chekupomba cheJixi chine huwandu hwakaiswa hunosvika 1.8 miriyoni kilowatts ndiyo yekutanga nyika yangu 650-metres head section project, uye Dunhua pumped-storage power station ine huwandu hwakaiswa hunosvika 1.4 miriyoni kilowatts ndiyo yekutanga 700- nyika yangu. meter musoro chikamu chirongwa.Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira tekinoroji yekuchengetedza yepombi, huwandu hwepamusoro-musoro, hukuru-hukuru hukuru hwemagetsi munyika yangu huchawedzera.
Iyo unit inoiswa panzvimbo yakaderera.Kuti tikunde pesvedzero ye buoyancy uye seepage pane powerhouse, hombe-akakura-anochengetera magetsi zviteshi zvakavakwa kumusha nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura anowanzo tora chimiro chepasi pevhu magetsi.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi chekare chepasi rose cheNetra pumped-storage power station muZurich, Switzerland, chakavakwa muna 1882. Kuvakwa kwepombi dzekuchengetera magetsi kuChina kwakatanga kunonoka.Yekutanga oblique flow reversible unit yakaiswa muGangnan Reservoir muna 1968. Gare gare, nekukurumidza kukura kweindasitiri yesimba remumba, iyo yakaiswa simba renyukireya uye simba rekupisa yakawedzera nekukurumidza, ichida kuti hurongwa hwemagetsi huve hwakashongedzerwa nehunoenderana pumped kuchengetedza zvikamu. .
Kubva kuma1980, China yakatanga kuvaka zvine simba zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidza kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika yangu neindasitiri yemagetsi, nyika yangu yakawana zvibereko zvesainzi uye tekinoroji mukuzvimiririra kwemidziyo yemahombe-akakura ekuchengetera mapombi.
Pakupera kwa2020, nyika yangu yakasimwa simba rekugadzira magetsi epombi yaive 31.49 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kwe4.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura.Muna 2020, simba rekugadzira simba renyika rekupomba-kuchengetera simba raive 33.5 bhiriyoni kWh, kuwedzera kwe5.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura;Nyika ichangowedzerwa simba rekugadzira magetsi echipombi rakasvika miriyoni nemazana maviri ekWh.zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi-yekuchengetera nyika yangu zviri mukugadzirwa uye zviri kuvakwa zviri pekutanga pasi rose.
State Grid Corporation yeChina yagara yakanamatira kukosha kukuru mukuvandudza kwekuchengetedza kwepombi.Parizvino, State Grid ine 22 pumped-storage power stations dziri kushanda uye 30 pumped-storage power stations dziri kuvakwa.
Muna 2016, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muZhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, uye Fukang, Xinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2017, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvitanhatu zvepombi-kuchengetedza magetsi muYi County yeHebei, Zhirui yeInner Mongolia, Ninghai yeZhejiang, Jinyun yeZhejiang, Luoning yeHenan uye Pingjiang yeHunan yakatanga;
Muna 2019, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muFuning muHebei, Jiaohe muJilin, Qujiang muZhejiang, Weifang muShandong, uye Hami muXinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2020, zviteshi zvina zvemapombi ekuchengetera magetsi muShanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, uye Shandong Tai'an Phase II zvichatanga kuvaka.
chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga chepombi chenyika yangu chine midziyo inozvimiririra yakakwana.Muna Gumiguru 2011, chiteshi chemagetsi chakapedzwa zvinobudirira, zvichiratidza kuti nyika yangu yakabudirira kugona tekinoroji yepombi yekuchengetera midziyo yekugadzira.
Muna Kubvumbi 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station yakaiswa mukushanda kwekugadzira magetsi;muna Kubvumbi 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station ine unit inokwana 375,000 kilowatts yakabudirira kubatana kune grid.Zvishandiso zvinozvimiririra zvemahombe-akakura ekuchengetera mapombi munyika yangu ave akakurumbira uye anoshandiswa nguva dzose.
chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga chenyika yangu che 700-metres pumped-storage power station.Iyo yakazara yakaiswa inokwana 1.4 miriyoni kilowatts.Musi waChikumi 4, 2021, Unit 1 yakaiswa mukushanda kugadzira magetsi.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi chine simba guru rakaiswa pasi rose chiri kuvakwa pari zvino.Iyo yakazara yakaiswa inokwana 3.6 miriyoni kilowatts.
Pumped storage ine hunhu hwekutanga, hwakazara uye hweveruzhinji.Inogona kutora chikamu mumasevhisi ekugadzirisa eiyo nyowani simba system sosi, network, mutoro uye kuchengetedza zvinongedzo, uye mabhenefiti akazara akanyanya kukosha.Iyo inotakura iyo yemagetsi system yakachengeteka magetsi ekupa stabilizer, yakachena yakaderera-kabhoni balancer uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda Kwakakosha basa reanomhanya regulator.
Yekutanga ndeyekunyatso kutarisana nekushaikwa kweakavimbika kuchengetedza kugona kwesimba remagetsi pasi pekupinda kwechikamu chepamusoro chesimba idzva.Nekunakirwa kwekaviri kugona kwepamusoro peak regulation, isu tinokwanisa kuvandudza yakakura-yepamusoro peak regulation kugona kwesimba remagetsi, uye kuderedza dambudziko repamusoro rekupa mutoro rinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwesimba idzva uye mutoro wepamusoro unokonzerwa nedhishi.Matambudziko ekushandisa anokonzerwa nekukura kukuru kwesimba idzva panguva iyi anogona kukurudzira zvirinani kushandiswa kwesimba idzva.
Chechipiri ndechekutarisana nekusawirirana pakati pezvinobuda maitiro esimba idzva uye kudiwa kwemutoro, zvichienderana nekukwanisa kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwekukurumidza kupindura, kugadzirisa zviri nani kune randomness uye kushanduka kwesimba idzva, uye kusangana nekugadzirisa kushanduka kwekuda. zvinounzwa nesimba idzva "zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze".
Chechitatu ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira nenguva isina kukwana yeinertia yepamusoro-chikamu chesimba idzva remagetsi.Iine mukana weiyo yakakwirira nguva ye inertia ye synchronous jenareta, inogona kunyatso kusimudzira anti-kuvhiringidza kugona kweiyo system uye kuchengetedza system frequency kugadzikana.
Yechina ndeyekunyatsotarisana neanogona kuchengetedza kukanganisa kwe "double-high" fomu pane itsva simba system, tora iyo emergency backup basa, uye kupindura kune kamwe kamwe gadziriso zvinodiwa chero nguva nekukurumidza kutanga-kumira uye nekukurumidza simba ramping kugona. .Panguva imwecheteyo, semutoro unoputika, inogona kubvisa zvakachengeteka mutoro wakarongwa wepumbi yekuputira nemhinduro ye millisecond, uye inovandudza kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwegadziriro.
Yechishanu ndeyekunyatso kutarisana nepamusoro pekugadzirisa mutengo unounzwa nehukuru-hukuru hutsva hwemagetsi grid yekubatanidza.Kuburikidza nenzira dzinonzwisisika dzekushanda, dzakasanganiswa nesimba rekupisa kuderedza kabhoni uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza kusiiwa kwemhepo uye chiedza, kukurudzira kugoverwa kwehuwandu, nekuvandudza hupfumi hwese uye kushanda kwakachena kwehurongwa hwese.
Simbisa optimization uye kubatanidzwa kwezvivakwa zvezvivakwa, kuronga kuchengetedzwa, kunaka uye kufambira mberi kwekutonga kwemapurojekiti makumi matatu ari kuvakwa, kusimudzira zvine simba kuvaka kwemakani, kutonga kwehungwaru uye kuvaka kwakamira, kukwirisa nguva yekuvaka, uye kuona kuti pombi yekuchengetedza inodarika mamirioni makumi maviri. panguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva.kilowatts, uye simba rekushandisa rakaiswa richapfuura 70 miriyoni kilowatts panosvika 2030.
Chechipiri ndechekushanda nesimba pahutungamiriri hwakaonda.Kusimbisa kuronga kutungamira, kutarisana ne "dual kabhoni" chinangwa uye kuitwa kwekambani zano, gadziriro yemhando yepamusoro ye "14th-Makore mashanu" chirongwa chekusimudzira chekuchengetedza pombi.Sainzi gadzirisa maitiro ekutanga ebasa repurojekiti, uye kufambisira mberi chidzidzo chekugoneka kweprojekiti uye kubvumidzwa nenzira yakarongeka.Tichitarisa nezvekuchengetedza, kunaka, nguva yekuvaka, uye mutengo, kusimudzira zvine hungwaru manejimendi uye kutonga, kuvaka mechan uye kuvaka kwakasvibira kwekuvaka engineering kuona kuti mapurojekiti ari kuvakwa anogona kuwana mabhenefiti nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
kudzamisa kutenderera kwehupenyu manejimendi emidziyo, kudzamisa tsvakiridzo pamagetsi grid sevhisi yemayuniti, gadzirisa hurongwa hwekushanda hwemayuniti, uye shanda zvizere kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwegidhi remagetsi.Yakadzika akawanda-dimensional akaremerwa manejimendi, mhanyisa kuvakwa kwechimanjemanje smart supply chain, kunatsiridza sisitimu yekutonga zvinhu, nesainzi kugovera capital, zviwanikwa, tekinoroji, data uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira, kusimudzira zvine simba hunhu uye kushanda nesimba, uye nekunatsiridza manejimendi kunyatsoita uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Chechitatu ndechekutsvaga mabhindauko muhunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji.Kuitwa kwakadzama kwe "New Leap Forward Action Plan" yekuvandudza kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuwedzera mari mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, nekuvandudza kugona kwekuzvimiririra hunyanzvi.Wedzera kushandiswa kweiyo inochinja-mhanya yeyuniti tekinoroji, simbisa tsvakiridzo yetekinoroji uye kusimudzira 400-megawatt hombe-inokwana mayuniti, mhanyisa kuvakwa kwepombi-turbine modhi marabhoritari uye simulation marabhoritari, uye ita zvese kuedza kuvaka yakazvimirira yesainzi uye tekinoroji innovation. platform.
Gadzirisa sainzi yekutsvagisa dhizaini uye kugovera zviwanikwa, simbisa tsvakiridzo pane yakakosha tekinoroji yekupombi yekuchengetedza, uye edza kukunda dambudziko rehunyanzvi re "yakanamira mutsipa".Zamisa tsvakiridzo pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji nyowani senge "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", inoisa zvizere kuvakwa kwedhijitari akangwara magetsi zviteshi, uye nekumhanyisa shanduko yedhijitari yemabhizinesi.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-07-2022
