Munzizi dzechisikigo, mvura inoyerera ichibva kumusoro ichienda kuzasi yakasanganiswa netsvina, uye kazhinji inosuka mubhedha werwizi uye nemateru emabhangi, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kune huwandu hwesimba hwakavigwa mumvura.Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, simba rinokwanisa iri rinopedzwa mukukwesha, kusunda sediment uye kukunda frictional resistance.Kana tikavaka zvimwe zvivako uye tikaisa zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti mvura irambe ichiyerera kuburikidza ne turbine yemvura, iyo turbine yemvura inotungamirirwa nemvura yazvino, semhepo yemhepo, inogona kutenderera nguva dzose, uye simba remvura richashandurwa. kupinda mechanical simba.Kana iyo turbine yemvura ichityaira jenareta kuti itenderere pamwechete, inogona kugadzira magetsi, uye simba remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wekugadzira magetsi emagetsi.Ma turbine emvura uye majenareta ndiwo anonyanya kukosha ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi.Rega ndikupe sumo pfupi yeruzivo rudiki pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi.
1. Hydropower uye mvura inoyerera simba
Mukugadzirwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, kuti uone chiyero chechiteshi chemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuziva huwandu hwekugadzira magetsi kwechiteshi chemagetsi.Zvinoenderana nemisimboti yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi emvura, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti simba rekugadzira simba rechiteshi chemagetsi rinotariswa nehuwandu hwebasa rinogona kuitwa neazvino.Tinodaidza basa rose iro mvura inogona kuita mune imwe nguva yenguva sesimba remvura, uye basa rinogona kuitwa muchikamu chenguva (yechipiri) inonzi simba rezvino.Zviripachena, kukura kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura, ndiko kukura kwesimba rekugadzira simba rechiteshi chemagetsi.Naizvozvo, kuti tizive simba rekugadzira simba rechiteshi chemagetsi, tinofanira kutanga taverenga simba rekuyerera kwemvura.Simba rekuyerera kwemvura murwizi rinogona kuverengerwa nenzira iyi, tichifunga kuti kudonha kwemvura mune chimwe chikamu cherwizi H (mamita), uye huwandu hwemvura hweH hunopfuura nepachikamu cherwizi muchikamu. nguva (masekondi) ndiyo Q (cubic metres/second), ipapo kuyerera Simba rechikamu rakaenzana nechigadzirwa chehuremu hwemvura uye kudonha.Zviripachena, kukwira kwemvura kudonha, kunowedzera kuyerera, uye kuwedzera kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura.
2. Kubuda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura
Pasi pemumwe musoro uye kuyerera, magetsi anogona kuburitswa nechiteshi chemagetsi anonzi hydropower kubuda.Zviripachena, simba rekubuda rinoenderana nesimba rekuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza ne turbine.Muchiito chekushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi, mvura inofanira kukunda kupikisa kwenzizi kana zvivakwa munzira kubva kumusoro kusvika zasi.Ma turbine emvura, majenareta, uye midziyo yekutapurirana inofanirawo kukunda kupikisa kwakawanda panguva yebasa.Kuti akunde kushorwa, basa rinofanira kuitwa, uye simba rekuyerera kwemvura richapedzwa, izvo zvisingadzivisiki.Naizvozvo, simba rekuyerera kwemvura rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira magetsi idiki pane kukosha kunowanikwa neformula, kureva kuti, kubuda kwehydropower station kunofanirwa kuenzana nesimba rekuyerera kwemvura rakapetwa nechinhu chisingasviki 1. Iyi coefficient inonziwo kushanda zvakanaka kwehydropower station.
Kukosha kwakananga kwekushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi chehydropower kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekurasikirwa kwesimba kunoitika kana mvura ichiyerera nemuchivako uye turbine yemvura, midziyo yekufambisa, jenareta, nezvimwewo, kurasikirwa kukuru, kuderera kwekushanda.Muchiteshi chidiki chemagetsi emagetsi, huwandu hwekurasikirwa uku hunoita 25-40% yesimba rekuyerera kwemvura.Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kuyerera kwemvura kunogona kubudisa 100 kilowatts yemagetsi inopinda muchiteshi chemagetsi, uye jenereta inogona kungogadzira 60 kusvika ku75 kilowatts yemagetsi, saka kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi Icho chakaenzana ne60 ~ 75%.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva musumo yapfuura kuti kana chiyero chekuyerera kwechiteshi chemagetsi uye musiyano wechiyero chemvura chinoramba chiripo, kubuda kwesimba kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunoenderana nekushanda.Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti pamusoro pekuita kwe hydraulic turbines, jenareta uye midziyo yekufambisa, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, semhando yekuvaka kwekuvaka uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo, kunaka kwekushanda uye manejimendi, uye kana dhizaini yemagetsi. iyo hydropower station ndeyechokwadi, zvinhu zvese zvinokanganisa kushanda kweiyo hydropower station.Ehezve, zvimwe zveizvi zvinofurira zvinhu ndezvekutanga uye zvimwe ndezvechipiri, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ekutanga uye echipiri zvinhu zvinoshandura kuita chimwe nechimwe.
Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti chii chiri chikonzero chacho, chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti vanhu havasi zvinhu, michina inodzorwa nevanhu, uye teknolojia inodzorwa nepfungwa.Naizvozvo, mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, zvinodikanwa kupa mutambo wakazara kune chinzvimbo chevanhu, uye kuyedza kuita hunyanzvi mune tekinoroji kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Izvi ndezvezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura apo mvura inodonha pachayo inenge yakadzikira.Zvinonyanya kukosha.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kunyatsosimbisa kushanda uye kutonga kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, kuitira kuvandudza kushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi, kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye kugonesa zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi kuita basa rakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-09-2021
