Kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa ah tignoolajiyada ugu ballaadhan ee loo isticmaalo uguna qaan-gaadhka ah ee kaydinta tamarta baaxadda weyn, iyo awoodda la rakibay ee saldhigyada korontadu waxay gaari kartaa gigawatts.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaydinta tamarta ugu qaan-gaadhka ah uguna weyn ee adduunka waxaa lagu shubaa biyo.
Tignoolajiyada kaydinta bamgaraysan waa qaan oo xasiloon, oo leh faa'iidooyin dhammaystiran oo sarreeya, waxaana inta badan loo adeegsadaa habaynta iyo kaydinta ugu sarreysa.Kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa ah tignoolajiyada ugu ballaadhan ee loo isticmaalo uguna qaan-gaadhka ah ee kaydinta tamarta baaxadda weyn, iyo awoodda la rakibay ee saldhigyada korontadu waxay gaari kartaa gigawatts.
Marka loo eego tirakoobka aan dhamaystirnayn ee Guddiga Xirfadlayaasha Kaydinta Tamarta ee Ururka Cilmi-baarista Tamarta ee Shiinaha, biyaha la shubay ayaa hadda ah tan ugu qaan-gaar ah uguna weyn ee lagu rakibay kaydinta tamarta adduunka.Laga soo bilaabo 2019, awoodda kaydinta tamarta hawleed ee adduunku waxay gaadhay 180 milyan oo kilowatts, awoodda kaydinta tamarta ee lagu rakibay ayaa kor u dhaaftay 170 milyan kilowatts, taasoo ka dhigan 94% kaydinta tamarta guud ee adduunka.
Saldhigyada korantada ee lagu kaydiyo bamka ayaa isticmaala korontada la dhaliyo xilliga culeyska hooseeya ee nidaamka korontadu si ay biyaha ugu shubaan meel sare oo lagu kaydiyo, oo ay sii daayaan biyaha si ay u dhaliyaan koronto xilliyada ugu sarreeya.Marka culeysku yar yahay, saldhigga tamarta kaydinta bamka ayaa isticmaalaya;marka rarku uu sarreeyo, waa warshadda korontada.
Qaybta kaydinta bamgareynta waxay leedahay laba hawlood oo aasaasi ah: bamgaraynta biyaha iyo soo saarista koronto.Unuggu wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii marawaxadaha biyaha marka culeyska nidaamka korontadu uu gaaro heerkiisa ugu sarreeya.Furitaanka hagaha hagaha marawaxadaha biyaha ayaa lagu hagaajiyaa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka guddoomiyaha, tamarta suurtagalka ah ee biyaha waxaa loo beddelaa tamarta farsamada ee wareegga cutubka, ka dibna tamarta farsamada ayaa loo beddelaa tamarta korantada iyada oo loo marayo koronto-dhaliyaha;
Marka culeyska nidaamka korontadu uu hooseeyo, bamka biyaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro biyaha kaydka hoose ilaa kaydka sare.Si toos ah u habaynta nidaamka gudoomiyaha, daah furka hagaha si toos ah ayaa loo hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo wiishka bamka, tamarta korantadana waxa loo rogaa tamar biyo ah oo la kaydiyaa..
Saldhigyada tamarta kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa inta badan mas'uul ka ah nidaaminta ugu sarreysa, nidaaminta soo noqnoqda, gurmad degdeg ah iyo bilawga madow ee nidaamka korantada, taas oo hagaajin karta oo dheellitiri karta culeyska nidaamka korantada, hagaajinta tayada sahayda korantada iyo faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee nidaamka korontada, iyo waa laf-dhabarta si loo hubiyo badbaadada, dhaqaalaha iyo shaqada xasilloon ee shabakada korontada..Dhirta kaydka tamarta ee bamgaraysan waxaa loo yaqaan "dejinta", "regulators" iyo "balancers" ee hawlgalka badbaadada leh ee xadhkaha korantada.
Isbeddelka horumarinta xarumaha tamarta bamka ee adduunka ayaa ah madax sare, awood weyn iyo xawaare sare.Madaxa sare waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in unuggu u kordho madax sare, awood weyni waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in awoodda hal unug ay si joogto ah u kordheyso, xawaaruhuna waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in unugga uu qaato xawaare gaar ah oo sarreeya.
Qaab dhismeedka xarunta tamarta iyo sifooyinka
Dhismayaasha muhiimka ah ee saldhigga tamarta bamgareynta guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah: kaydka sare, kaydka hoose, nidaamka biyaha, aqoon-is-weydaarsiga iyo dhismayaal kale oo gaar ah.Marka la barbar dhigo saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee caadiga ah, qaab dhismeedka haydarooliga ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ayaa leh sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:
Waxaa jira kayd kayd ah oo sare iyo hoose.Marka la barbar dhigo saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee caadiga ah ee leh awood isku mid ah, awoodda kaydka ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ayaa inta badan ah mid yar.
Heerka biyaha kaydka ayaa si weyn u isbeddela oo kor iyo hoos u dhaca si joogto ah.Si loo guda galo hawsha xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo buuxinta dooxa ee shabkada korantada, kala duwanaanshaha maalinlaha ah ee heerka biyaha kaydka ee xarunta kaydinta bamka ayaa inta badan ah mid aad u weyn, guud ahaan kor u dhaafeysa 10-20 mitir, saldhigyada korantada qaarkoodna waxa ay gaadhaan 30- 40 mitir, iyo heerka isbeddelka heerka biyaha kaydku waa mid aad u dheereeya, guud ahaan wuxuu gaaraa 5 ~ 8m / h, iyo xitaa 8 ~ 10m / h.
Shuruudaha ka hortagga jeexjeexyada kaydka ayaa aad u sarreeya.Haddii xarunta tamarta bamka saafiga ah ay keento khasaare badan oo biyo ah ka dib goynta kaydka sare, waxa yaraanaya korontadii saldhiga.Isla mar ahaantaana, si looga hortago in jeexjeexyada biyuhu ay ka sii daraan xaaladaha biyo-biyoodka ee aagga mashruuca, taas oo ka dhalata burburka jeexjeexyada iyo jeexjeexyada, shuruudo sare ayaa sidoo kale la dhigayaa ka hortagga qulqulka kaydka.
Madaxa biyaha ayaa sarreeya.Madaxa xarunta tamarta bamgareynta ayaa guud ahaan aad u sareysa, inta badan 200-800 mitir.Xarunta Korontada ee Jixi oo la rakibay oo dhan 1.8 milyan kilowatts waa mashruucii ugu horeeyay ee dalkaygu ka hirgeliyo qaybta madaxa ee 650 mitir, saldhiga Dunhua ee kaydinta bamka ah oo wadarta guud lagu rakibay 1.4 milyan kilowatts waa 700-kii ugu horeeyay ee dalkayga - mitirka mashruuca qaybta madaxa.Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada kaydinta bamka, tirada xarumaha tamarta sare ee dalkayga ayaa kordhin doonta.
Unugga waxa lagu rakibay meel hoose.Si looga gudbo saamaynta guuxa iyo boodboodka ay ku yeelanayaan korontada, xarumaha waaweyn ee bamka lagu kaydiyo ee laga dhisay gudaha iyo dibadda sannadihii u dambeeyay ayaa intooda badan qaata qaab koronto oo dhulka hoostiisa ah.
Saldhigga korantada ee bamka lagu shubo ee ugu horreeya adduunka waa saldhigga korontada ee Netra ee Zurich, Switzerland, oo la dhisay 1882. Dhismaha saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ee Shiinaha ayaa billaabay xilli dambe.Unuggii ugu horreeyay ee qulqulka qulqulka ah ee dib loo rogi karo ayaa lagu rakibay kaydka Gangnan ee 1968. Later, iyada oo horumarka degdega ah ee warshadaha tamarta gudaha, awoodda lagu rakibay ee tamarta nukliyeerka iyo kuleylka kuleylka ayaa si degdeg ah u kordhay, una baahan nidaamka awoodda in lagu qalabeeyo unugyo kaydinta bamgaraysan oo u dhigma. .
Tan iyo 198-tii, Shiinuhu waxa uu bilaabay in uu si xooggan u dhiso saldhigyo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo baaxad leh.Sanadihii u dambeeyay, horumarka degdega ah ee dhaqaalaha iyo warshadaha tamarta ee dalkaygu, dalkaygu wuxuu gaadhay guulo miro dhal ah oo saynis iyo teknooloji ah oo ku saabsan madax-bannaanida qalabka ee unugyo kaydineed oo baaxad leh.
Dhammaadkii 2020, awoodda dalkaygu rakibay ee tamarta kaydinta bamka ah waxay ahayd 31.49 milyan kilowatts, korodh 4.0% sannadkii hore.Sannadka 2020, awoodda qaran ee kaydinta tamarta bamka ayaa ahayd 33.5 bilyan kWh, koror 5.0% ah sannadkii hore;Awooda koronto ee kaydinta bamka ee dalka ee dhawaan lagu daray waxay ahayd 1.2 milyan kWh.Xarumaha tamarta ee dalkayga ee bamka lagu kaydiyo hadday tahay wax soo saarka iyo kuwa dhismayaba waxay ku jiraan kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka.
Shirkadda State Grid ee Shiinuhu waxay had iyo jeer ahmiyad weyn siisay horumarinta kaydinta bamka.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, State Grid waxa ay leedahay 22 xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo shaqaynaya iyo 30 xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo la dhisayo.
2016, dhismaha shan xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaal Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, iyo Fukang, Xinjiang ayaa bilaabay;
2017, dhismaha lix xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaal Gobolka Yi ee Hebei, Zhirui ee Mongolia gudaha, Ninghai ee Zhejiang, Jinyun ee Zhejiang, Luoning ee Henan iyo Pingjiang ee Hunan ayaa bilaabay;
2019, dhismaha shan xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaal Funing ee Hebei, Jiaohe ee Jilin, Qujiang ee Zhejiang, Weifang ee Shandong, iyo Hami ee Xinjiang ayaa bilaabmay;
Sannadka 2020, afar saldhig oo koronto lagu kaydiyo oo ku yaal Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, iyo Shandong Tai'an Wajiga II ayaa bilaabi doona dhismaha.
Saldhigga tamarta kaydinta bamka ee ugu horreeya dalkayga oo leh qalab unug si buuxda u madaxbannaan.Bishii Oktoobar 2011, xarunta korontadu si guul leh ayaa loo dhammeeyay, taas oo muujinaysa in dalkaygu uu si guul leh u qabsaday tignoolajiyada udub-dhexaadka ah ee horumarinta qalabka unugga kaydinta bamka.
Bishii Abriil 2013, Saldhigga Korantada ee Fujian Xianyou ayaa si rasmi ah loo hawlgeliyay si loogu isticmaalo koronto;Bishii Abriil 2016, Saldhigga Korantada ee Kaydka ee Zhejiang Xianju ee la bamgareeyay oo leh halbeeg dhan 375,000 kilowatts ayaa si guul leh loogu xiray shabagga.Qalabka ismaamulka ee unugyada kaydinta bamka ee baaxadda leh ee dalkayga waa la faafiyey oo si joogto ah loo adeegsaday.
Saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee 700-mitir ee dalkeyga ah oo lagu keydiyo tamarta.Wadarta awoodda la rakibay waa 1.4 milyan kilowatts.Juun 4, 2021, Cutubka 1 waxa la hawl galiyay si loo dhaliyo koronto.
Xarunta koronto ee kaydinta bamgareynta leh oo leh awoodda ugu weyn ee la rakibay adduunka ayaa hadda la dhisayaa.Wadarta awoodda la rakibay waa 3.6 milyan kilowatts.
Kaydinta bamgaraysan waxay leedahay sifooyinka aasaasiga ah, dhamaystiran iyo dadweynaha.Waxay ka qaybqaadan kartaa adeegyada sharciyeynta isha nidaamka tamarta cusub, shabakada, rarka iyo isku xirka kaydinta, iyo faa'iidooyinka dhamaystiran ayaa aad muhiim u ah.Waxay sido nidaamka korantada oo badbaado leh oo xasiliya sahayda korantada, nadiifiye dheellitirka kaarboon-yar iyo hufnaan sare Hawsha muhiimka ah ee maamulaha socda.
Marka hore waa in si wax ku ool ah wax looga qabto la'aanta awoodda kaydka la isku halayn karo ee nidaamka tamarta hoos dhexgalka ee saamiga sare ee tamarta cusub.Iyada oo laga faa'iideysanayo nidaamka ugu sarreeya ee awoodda labanlaaban, waxaan hagaajin karnaa awoodda xakamaynta awoodda ugu sarreysa ee nidaamka tamarta, waxaanan yareyn karnaa dhibaatada sahayda culeyska ugu sarreeya ee ay keento xasilloonida tamarta cusub iyo culeyska ugu sarreeya ee ay keento barkada.Dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka ee ay keento horumarinta baaxadda weyn ee tamarta cusub inta lagu jiro muddada waxay si fiican u horumarin kartaa isticmaalka tamarta cusub.
Midda labaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo is-waafajinta udhaxeysa sifooyinka soo-saarka tamarta cusub iyo baahida culeyska, ku tiirsanaanta awoodda hagaajinta dabacsanaanta ee jawaabta degdegga ah, si ay si wanaagsan ula qabsato kala-soocida iyo isbeddelka tamarta cusub, iyo in la daboolo baahida isbeddelka dabacsanaanta. waxaa keenay tamar cusub "waxay ku xiran tahay cimilada".
Midda saddexaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo wakhtiga aan ku filnayn ee firfircoonida ee saamiga sare ee nidaamka tamarta cusub.Iyada oo laga faa'iideysanayo xilliga sare ee firfircoonida koronto-dhaliyaha synchronous, waxay si wax ku ool ah u wanaajin kartaa awoodda ka-hortagga qaska ee nidaamka waxayna ilaalinaysaa xasilloonida soo noqnoqda nidaamka.
Midda afraad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo saameynta badbaadada ee suurtagalka ah ee qaabka "laba-sare" ee nidaamka tamarta cusub, u qaadashada hawsha gurmadka degdegga ah, iyo ka jawaabista baahiyaha isbeddelka degdegga ah wakhti kasta iyada oo si degdeg ah u joogsanaysa iyo awoodaha kor u qaadida awoodda degdegga ah. .Isla mar ahaantaana, sida culeyska kala go'a, waxay si badbaado leh uga saari kartaa culeyska la qiimeeyay ee unugga bamgareynta iyadoo leh jawaab-celin millisecond, waxayna hagaajinaysaa badbaadada iyo xasilloonida nidaamka nidaamka.
Midda shanaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo kharashyada hagaajinta sare ee uu keeno isku xirka kororka tamarta cusub.Iyada oo loo marayo hababka hawlgalka macquulka ah, oo ay weheliso awoodda kulaylka si loo yareeyo kaarboonka iyo kordhinta waxtarka, yaraynta ka tagista dabaysha iyo iftiinka, kor u qaadista qoondaynta awoodda, iyo hagaajinta dhaqaalaha guud iyo hawlgalka nadiifka ah ee nidaamka oo dhan.
In la xoojiyo tayaynta iyo is-dhexgalka ilaha dhaqaalaha, isku-dubbaridka badbaadada, tayada iyo maaraynta horumarka 30-ka mashruuc ee la dhisayo, in si xooggan loo dhiirrigeliyo dhismaha makaanikada, xakamaynta caqliga iyo dhismaha halbeegga ah, in la wanaajiyo muddada dhismaha, lana hubiyo in awoodda kaydinta la shubay ay ka badan tahay 20 milyan. muddada "Qorshaha Shanta Sano ee 14aad".kilowatts, iyo awoodda shaqaynaysa ee lagu rakibay waxay ka badan doontaa 70 milyan kilowatts marka la gaaro 2030.
Midda labaad waa in si adag looga shaqeeyo maaraynta caatada ah.Xoojinta hagida qorshaynta, iyada oo udub dhexaad u ah yoolka "dual carbon" iyo hirgelinta istaraatiijiyada shirkadda, diyaarinta tayada sare leh ee qorshaha horumarinta "Shanta Sano ee 14aad" ee kaydinta bamka ah.Si cilmiyaysan u wanaaji hababka shaqada ee hordhaca ah ee mashruuca, oo horay u socodsii daraasadda iyo ansixinta suurtogalnimada mashruuca si habaysan.Diirada saarida badbaadada, tayada, xilliga dhismaha, iyo kharashka, si xoog leh kor loogu qaado maaraynta iyo xakamaynta caqliga leh, dhismaha makaanikada iyo dhismaha cagaaran ee dhismaha injineernimada si loo hubiyo in mashaariicda la dhisayo ay ku gaari karaan faa'iidooyinka sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.
Xooji maaraynta wareegga nolosha ee qalabka, qoto dheer oo cilmi-baarista ku saabsan adeegga korontadu ee cutubyada, wanaaji istiraatijiyadda hawlgalka cutubyada, oo si buuxda ugu adeega badbaadada iyo hawlgalka xasilloon ee shabakada korontada.Xoojinta maaraynta caatada ah ee dhinacyo badan leh, dardar galinta dhismaha silsilada sahayda casriga ah ee casriga ah, wanaajinta nidaamka maaraynta agabka, si cilmiyeysan u qoondee raasumaalka, agabka, tignoolajiyada, xogta iyo waxyaabaha kale ee wax soo saarka, si xoog leh u wanaajiso tayada iyo hufnaanta, iyo si dhamaystiran u wanaajiso hufnaanta maamulka iyo hufnaanta hawlgalka.
Midda saddexaad waa in la raadiyo horumarro xagga hal-abuurka tignoolajiyada.Dhaqangelinta qoto dheer ee "Qorshaha Waxqabadka Horu-marinta Cusub ee Cusub" ee hal-abuurka sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, kordhinta maalgashiga cilmi-baarista sayniska, iyo hagaajinta awoodda hal-abuurnimo madax-bannaan.Kordhi adeegsiga tignoolajiyada unugga xawaaraha doorsooma, xooji cilmi-baarista tignoolajiyada iyo horumarinta 400-megawatt unug awood-weyn leh, la dedejiyo dhismaha shaybaarada moodooyinka bamka-mashiinnada iyo shaybaarrada jilitaanka, iyo in la sameeyo dadaal kasta si aad u dhisto hal-abuurnimo saynis iyo tignoolajiyadeed madax-bannaan. madal.
Hagaajinta qaabka cilmi-baarista sayniska iyo qoondaynta kheyraadka, xooji cilmi-baarista tiknoolajiyada asaasiga ah ee kaydinta bamka, oo ku dadaal inaad ka gudubto dhibaatada farsamada ee "qoorta ku dheggan".Xooji cilmi baarista ku saabsan adeegsiga teknoolojiyadda cusub sida “Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain”, si dhammaystiran u geyso dhismaha saldhigyada korantada ee dhijitaalka ah, iyo dardargelinta isbeddelka dhijitaalka ah ee shirkadaha.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-07-2022
