Reaction turbine ke mofuta oa mochini oa hydraulic o fetolelang matla a haeteroliki ho matla a mochini ka ho sebelisa khatello ea phallo ea metsi.
(1) Sebopeho.Likarolo tse kholo tsa sebopeho sa turbine ea karabelo li kenyelletsa semathi, kamore ea hlooho ea hlooho, mochini oa tataiso ea metsi le li-tube tse rarolloang.
1) Semathi.Runner ke karolo ea hydraulic turbine e fetolang matla a phallo ea metsi hore e be matla a mochini a potolohang.Ho latela litaelo tse fapaneng tsa phetolo ea matla a metsi, meaho ea semathi ea li-turbine tse fapaneng le tsona li fapane.Semathi sa turbine sa Francis se entsoe ka mahare a sothehileng, moqhaka oa mabili le selikalikoe se tlase;Semathi sa axial-flow turbine se entsoe ka mahare, 'mele oa semathi, cone ea ho tsoa le likarolo tse ling tse kholo: sebopeho sa semathi sa turbine se nang le tšekamelo se rarahane.Lehare la ho bea lehare le ka fetoha le maemo a ho sebetsa le ho lumellana le ho buloa ha vane ea tataiso.Mohala o bohareng o potolohang lehare o etsa angle e oblique (45 ° ~ 60 °) e nang le axis ea turbine.
2) Kamore ea hlooho.Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho etsa hore metsi a phalle ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho mokhoa oa ho tataisa metsi, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea hydraulic turbine.Metal spiral case e nang le karolo e chitja hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-turbine tsa hydraulic tse kholo le tse mahareng tse nang le hlooho ea metsi ka holimo ho 50m, 'me mokotla oa konkreite o nang le karolo ea trapezoidal o atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa li-turbine tse nang le hlooho ea metsi ka tlase ho 50m.
3) Mokhoa oa ho tataisa metsi.Ka kakaretso e entsoe ka palo e itseng ea li-vane tsa tataiso le mekhoa ea tsona e potolohang e hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang sebakeng sa semathi.Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho tataisa phallo ea metsi ho semathi ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, le ho fetola phallo ea mochini oa hydraulic turbine ka ho lokisa ho buloa ha vane e tataisang, e le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa mojaro tsa yuniti ea jenereithara.E boetse e phetha karolo ea ho koala metsi ha e koetsoe ka ho feletseng.
4) Tube e hlophisitsoeng.Karolo ea matla a setseng a phallo ea metsi sebakeng sa semathi ha e so sebelisoe.Mosebetsi oa tube e ntseng e sebelisoa ke ho khutlisa matla ana le ho ntša metsi ho ea tlaase.Tube e hlophisitsoeng e ka aroloa ka sebopeho se otlolohileng sa cone le sebopeho se kobehileng.Ea pele e na le coefficient e kholo ea matla 'me ka kakaretso e loketse li-turbine tse nyenyane tse rapameng le li-tubular;Le hoja ts'ebetso ea hydraulic ea morao-rao e se e ntle joaloka ea khoune e otlolohileng, botebo ba ho epolla bo nyenyane, 'me bo sebelisoa haholo ho turbine e kholo le e mahareng.
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(2) Ho arola.The reaction turbine e arotsoe ka Francis turbine, diagonal turbine, axial turbine le tubular turbine ho latela tataiso ea phallo ea metsi e fetang holim'a shaft ea semathi.
1) Francis turbine.Francis (radial axial flow kapa Francis) turbine ke mofuta oa turbine ea karabelo moo metsi a phallang ka sekhahla ho potoloha semathi mme a phalla ka axially.Mofuta ona oa turbine o na le lihlooho tse ngata tse sebetsang (30 ~ 700m), mohaho o bonolo, molumo o monyenyane le theko e tlaase.Terene e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Francis e kentsoeng tšebetsong Chaena ke turbine ea Ertan Hydropower Plant, e nang le matla a hlahisoang a 582mw le matla a phahameng a 621 MW.
2) Axial flow turbine.Axial flow turbine ke mofuta oa turbine ea karabelo moo metsi a kenang le ho tsoa ho semathi ka axially.Mofuta ona oa turbine o arotsoe ka mofuta o tsitsitseng oa propeller (mofuta oa screw propeller) le mofuta oa rotary propeller (mofuta oa Kaplan).Li-blades tsa pele li tsitsitse 'me likhahla tsa morao li ka potoloha.Matla a ho ntša axial-flow turbine a maholo ho feta a Francis turbine.Hobane boemo ba lehare la turbine ea rotor bo ka fetoha ka phetoho ea mojaro, e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka mokhoa o moholo oa phetoho ea mojaro.Ho hanyetsa ha cavitation le matla a mechine a axial-flow turbine a mpe ho feta a Francis turbine, 'me sebopeho se boetse se rarahane haholo.Hajoale, hlooho e sebetsang ea mofuta ona oa turbine e fihlile ho feta 80m.
3) Tubular turbine.Phallo ea metsi ea mofuta ona oa turbine e phalla ka axial ho tloha ho axial ho ea ho semathi, 'me ha ho na ho potoloha pele le ka mor'a semathi.Hlooho ea lisebelisoa ke 3 ~ 20 e hlakileng haholoanyane melemo ea eona.
Ho latela mokhoa oa ho hokahanya le phetisetso ea jenereithara, turbine ea tubula e arotsoe ka mofuta o felletseng oa tubula le mofuta oa semi tubular.Mofuta oa semi tubular o arotsoe hape ka mofuta oa bulb, mofuta oa shaft le mofuta oa katoloso ea shaft, eo har'a eona mofuta oa katoloso ea shaft e arotsoeng ka shaft e sekametseng le shaft e otlolohileng.Hona joale, tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke mofuta oa bulb tubular, mofuta oa shaft extension le mofuta oa shaft, o sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa lihlopha tse nyenyane.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mofuta oa shaft o boetse o sebelisoa bakeng sa likarolo tse kholo le tse mahareng.
Jenereithara ea yuniti ea axial extension tubular e kenngoa ka ntle ho mocha oa metsi, 'me jenereithara e hokahane le turbine ea metsi e nang le sefate se selelele se sekametseng kapa sekoti se otlolohileng.Sebopeho sa mofuta ona oa katoloso ea shaft se bonolo ho feta sa mofuta oa tleloubu.
4) Diagonal flow turbine.Sebopeho le boholo ba phallo ea diagonal (eo hape e tsejoang e le diagonal) turbine e pakeng tsa Francis le axial flow.Phapang e kholo ke hore mohala o bohareng oa lehare la semathi o ka lehlakoreng le itseng ka mohala o bohareng oa turbine.Ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa sebopeho, sesebelisoa ha se lumelloe ho teba nakong ea ts'ebetso, kahoo sesebelisoa sa tšireletso ea pontšo ea axial displacement se kenngoa mohahong oa bobeli ho thibela ho thulana pakeng tsa lehare le kamore ea semathi.Lethathamo la hlooho ea ts'ebeliso ea turbine ea phallo ea diagonal ke 25 ~ 200m.
Hajoale, yuniti e kholo ka ho fetisisa e lekantsoeng matla a tlhahiso ea turbine e theohileng lefatšeng ke 215MW (eo pele e neng e le Soviet Union), mme hlooho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea tšebeliso ke 136m (Japan).
Nako ea poso: Sep-01-2021
