Isikhululo samandla ombane sokuqala ehlabathini sakhiwa eFransi ngo-1878 saza sasebenzisa iijenereyitha zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi ukuvelisa umbane.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwenziwa kweejenereyitha zombane wamanzi kuye kwabizwa ngokuba “sisithsaba” semveliso yaseFransi.Kodwa kwangowe-1878, ijenereyitha yombane oqhutywa ngamanzi yayinoyilo lokuqala.Ngo-1856, i-Lianlian Alliance brand generator yorhwebo yaphuma.Ngomnyaka we-1865, umFrentshi uCasseven kunye neNtaliyane uMarko babenombono wokudibanisa i-DC generator kunye ne-injini yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane.Ngowe-1874, uPiroski waseRashiya wacebisa uyilo lokuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla ombane.Ngo-1878, amaziko ombane okuqala ombane ehlabathini akhiwa eGragside Manor eNgilani naseSirmite kufutshane neParis, eFransi, kwaye kwavela ibhetshi yokuqala ye-DC hydroelectric generators.Ngo-1891, ijenereyitha yokuqala yombane yanamhlanje (iLaufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) yazalwa kwiNkampani yaseRuitu Olican.Ukusukela ngo-1891 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuye kwenziwa inkqubela enkulu kubugcisa bokwenza umbane wamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
Inqanaba lokuqala (1891-1920)
Ngexesha lokuqala kokuzalwa kweejenereyitha zombane wamanzi, abantu baqhagamshele ijenereyitha yangoku ngokuthe ngqo okanye ialternator kwi turbine yamanzi ukuze benze iseti yeejenereyitha zombane.Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho jenereyitha yombane eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ngamanzi.Xa kwakusakhiwa umzi-mveliso wombane waseLauffen ngo-1891, kwavela umatshini wokuvelisa umbane oyilwe ngokukhethekileyo.Ukusukela ukuba oomatshini bokuqala bokuvelisa amandla ombane babezincinci, zikwadwa izityalo zombane ezinoluhlu oluncinci lonikezelo lwamandla, iiparamitha zeejenereyitha zazinobugxwayiba kakhulu, zinee-voltages ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-frequencies.Ngokwesakhiwo, iijenereyitha zehydro zithe tye ubukhulu becala.Ukongezelela, ininzi ye-hydro-generator kwinqanaba lokuqala yi-DC generator, kwaye kamva, isigaba esisodwa se-AC, isigaba sesithathu se-AC, kunye nesigaba sesibini se-AC hydro-generators sibonakala.
Iinkampani ezidumileyo zokuvelisa i-hydro-generator kwisigaba sokuqala ziquka i-BBC, i-Oelikon, i-Siemens, i-Westinghouse (WH), i-Edison kunye ne-General Motors (GE), njl., kunye nommeli we-hydro-turbine power generation Umatshini uquka i-300hp ezintathu -inqanaba le-AC generator ye-injini ye-Laufen Hydropower Plant (1891), i-750kW yesigaba sesithathu se-AC generator ye-Folsom Hydropower Station e-United States (eyenziwe yi-GE Corporation, ngo-1893), kunye ne-Adams Hydropower Plant kwicala laseMelika laseNiagara. Iingxangxasi (iiNgxangxasi zeNiagara) 5000hp isigaba sesibini i-AC generator yombane (1894), 12MNV?A kunye ne-16MV?Ijenereyitha zombane ezithe tyaba ngamanzi (1904-1912) kwiSikhululo soMbane saseOntario kwicala laseKhanada leNiagara Falls, kunye neA40? yenziwe yi-GE ngo-1920 Uhlobo lwejenereyitha yombane wamanzi.ISikhululo soMbane wamanzi e-Hellsjon e-Sweden sakhiwa ngo-1893. Umzi-mveliso wamandla waxhotyiswa ngeeseti ezine ze-344kV?A ezinezigaba ezintathu ezithe tyaba ze-hydro-generator.Iijenereyitha zenziwa yiGeneral Electric Company (ASEA) yaseSweden.
Ngowe-1891, uMboniso weHlabathi waqhutyelwa eFrankfurt, eJamani.Ukuze kuboniswe usasazo nokusetyenziswa kombane otshintshayo entlanganisweni, abaququzeleli benkomfa bafakela iseti yeejenereyitha ze-hydro-iturbine kwiplanti yesamente yasePortland eLarffen, eJamani, kumgama oyi-175km., Ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kunye nokuqhuba i-100hp yesigaba sesithathu se-motor induction.I-hydro-generator yeSikhululo saMandla saseLaufen sayilwa nguBrown, injineli eyintloko yeNkampani yeRuitu Oerlikon, kwaye yenziwa yiNkampani ye-Oerlikon.Ijeneretha luhlobo oluthe tye lwesigaba esithathu, i-300hp, 150r / min, izibonda ze-32, i-40Hz, kunye ne-voltage yesigaba yi-55 ~ 65V.I-diameter yangaphandle ye-generator yi-1752mm, kwaye ubude bentsimbi yentsimbi yi-380mm.Inani le-slots ye-generator stator yi-96, i-slots evaliweyo (ebizwa ngokuba yimingxuma ngelo xesha), ipali nganye kunye nesigaba ngasinye yintonga yobhedu, i-slot yentambo yocingo ifakwe kwi-2mm ye-asbestos plate, kwaye isiphelo silubhedu olungenanto. intongaI-rotor yiringi edibeneyo.Ijenereyitha iqhutywa yi hydraulic turbine ethe nkqo ngokusebenzisa iperi yebevel gears, kwaye ivuyiswa yenye iDC hydraulic generator encinci.Ukusebenza kwejeneretha kufikelela kwi-96.5%.
Ukusebenza okuyimpumelelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweejenereyitha ze-hydro-jenereyitha zeSikhululo soMbane saseLaufen ukuya eFrankfurt luvavanyo lokuqala lwemizi-mveliso yothumelo lwangoku lwezigaba ezithathu kwimbali yoluntu.Kuyimpumelelo ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo komsinga otshintshayo, ngakumbi umsinga otshintshayo onamanqanaba amathathu.Ijenereyitha ikwayeyokuqala kwinqanaba lesithathu lehlabathi lokuvelisa i-hydro.
Oku kungentla kuyilo kunye nophuhliso lweejenereyitha zombane wamanzi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuqala.Enyanisweni, ukujonga inkqubo yophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-hydroelectric generator, iijenereyitha zombane wamanzi zidla ngokuba sisigaba sophuhliso rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-30.Oko kukuthi, ixesha elisusela ku-1891 ukuya ku-1920 laliyinqanaba lokuqala, ixesha elisusela ku-1921 ukuya ku-1950 yayilinqanaba lokukhula kobuchwepheshe, ixesha elisusela ku-1951 ukuya ku-1984 laliyinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye ixesha elisusela ku-1985 ukuya ku-2010 laliyinqanaba. yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2021
