Njengoko sonke sisazi, iijenereyitha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziijeneretha zeDC kunye neejenereyitha ze-AC.Okwangoku, i-alternator isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye kunjalo i-hydro generator.Kodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala, iijenereyitha ze-DC zazihlala kuyo yonke imarike, ke ngaba iijenereyitha ze-AC zazingena njani kwimarike?Yintoni uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweejenereyitha zamanzi apha?Oku kumalunga nedabi le-AC kunye ne-DC kunye ne-5000hp hydro generator ye-Adams power station e-Niagara Falls.
Ngaphambi kokwazisa i-Niagara Falls generator hydro generator, kufuneka siqale ngemfazwe ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC / DC kwimbali yophuhliso lombane.
UEdison ngumqambi odumileyo waseMelika.Wazalelwa ebuhlwempu yaye akazange afunde esikolweni.Nangona kunjalo, wafumana malunga ne-1300 amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ebomini bakhe ngokuthembela kubukrelekrele bakhe obungaqhelekanga kunye nomoya womzabalazo wobuqu.Ngo-Oktobha 21, 1879, wafaka isicelo sokuveliswa kwe-patent yesibane se-carbon filament incandescent (No. 22898);Ngo-1882, waseka inkampani yesibane sombane i-Edison ukuvelisa izibane ze-incandescent kunye neejeneretha zabo ze-DC.Kwangaloo nyaka mnye, wakha isikhululo sokuqala sombane esishushu esishushu eNew York.Uthengise iiglowubhu ezingaphezu kwama-200000 kwiminyaka emithathu kwaye walawula yonke imarike.Iijeneretha ze-Edison ze-DC nazo zithengisa kakuhle kwilizwekazi laseMelika.
Ngo-1885, xa u-Edison wayekwincopho yayo, i-American steinhouse yaqaphela kakhulu inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-AC esandula kuzalwa.Kwi-1885, i-Westinghouse yathenga i-patent kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa i-AC kunye ne-transformer esetyenziswe yi-gaulard kunye ne-Gibbs e-United States ngoFebruwari 6, 1884 (i-US Patent No. n0.297924).Kwi-1886, i-Westinghouse kunye noStanley (W. Stanley, 1856-1927) baphumelele ekukhuliseni isigaba esisodwa se-AC ukuya kwi-3000V kunye ne-transformer e-Great Barrington, eMassachusetts, eU.SA, ihambisa i-4000ft, kwaye emva koko inciphisa i-voltage kwi-500V.Kungekudala, iWestinghouse yenza kwaye yathengisa iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezininzi ze-AC.Kwi-1888, i-Westinghouse yathenga i-patent kaTesla, "ingcali yombane", kwi-AC motor, kwaye yaqesha uTesla ukuba asebenze eWestinghouse.Yayizibophelele ekuphuhliseni injini ye-AC kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemoto ye-AC, kwaye iphumelele impumelelo.Uloyiso olulandelelanayo lweWestinghouse ekuphuhliseni umsinga otshintshanayo lwatsala umona ka-Edison ongoyiswayo kunye nabanye.Edison, HP brown kunye nabanye amanqaku apapashiweyo kumaphephandaba kunye neejenali, wathabatha ithuba lokoyika uluntu umbane ngelo xesha, wantonly yabhengeza ingozi alternating yangoku, besithi "bonke ubomi kufutshane umqhubi yangoku etshintshanayo akanakuphila" Ukuba akukho ophilayo. dala unokusinda kwingozi yabaqhubi abaphethe ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo Kwinqaku lakhe, wahlasela ukusetyenziswa kwe-AC kwiinzame zokukrwitsha i-AC ebuntwaneni bakhe.Ukujongana nokuhlaselwa kuka-Edison kunye nabanye, iWestinghouse kunye nabanye babhala amanqaku ukukhusela i-AC.ngenxa yengxoxo-mpikiswano, icala le-AC laphumelela ngokuthe ngcembe.Icala le-DC lalingafuni ukulahlekelwa, u-HP Brown (xa wayengumncedisi welebhu ka-Edison) Kwakhona wakhuthaza kwaye waxhasa indibano yesizwe ukuba idlulise ummiselo wokuphunyezwa kwesigwebo sokufa ngombane, kwaye ngoMeyi 1889, wathenga ii-alternators ezintathu eziveliswayo. ngu Westinghouse waza wabathengisa entolongweni njengonikezelo lwamandla kwisitulo sombane.Emehlweni abantu abaninzi, umsinga otshintshanayo sisithetha-ntonye sikaThixo wokufa.Kwangaxeshanye, iNkongolo yabantu kwicala lika-Edison yavelisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke: “Isitulo sombane sibubungqina bokuba ukutshintshwa kwamandla kwenza abantu bafe ngokulula.Ukuphendula, iWestinghouse yabamba i-tit kwinkomfa yenkomfa ye-tat.UTesla ngokwakhe ubophe iingcingo kuwo wonke umzimba wakhe waza wadibanisa nomtya weebhulbhu.Xa i-alternating current ivuliwe, ukukhanya kombane kwakukhanya, kodwa uTesla wayekhuselekile.Phantsi kwemeko embi yokungaphumeleli koluvo loluntu, icala le-DC lazama ukubulala umjikelo ngokusemthethweni.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-890, amanye amalungu e-congressmen eVirginia andulula isindululo “sokuthintela ingozi kwimisinga yombane” Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, ipalamente yaseka iqumrhu labachopheli-matyala ukuba libambe iingxoxo.UEdison noMorton, umphathi jikelele wenkampani, kunye noLB Stillwell, injineli yaseWestinghouse (1863-1941) kunye negqwetha elikhuselayo h.U-Levis wayekho kwingxoxo.Ukufika kuka-Edison odumileyo kwavala iholo yepalamente.UEdison wathetha ngendlela echukumisayo xa kwakuchotshelwa: “umsinga othe ngqo ufana” nomlambo oqukuqela ngoxolo usiya elwandle “, yaye umsinga oguqukayo ufana” nemisinga yeentaba egquba amawa ngogonyamelo ” (umsinga ogaleleka ngamandla phezu kweliwa)” uMorton naye wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-AC, kodwa ubungqina babo babungenanjongo kwaye bungaqinisekanga, obangela ukuba abaphulaphuli kunye nabagwebi bawele kwinkungu.Amangqina avela e-Westinghouse kunye neenkampani ezininzi zokukhanya zombane ziphikisana nengxabano yokuba i-AC iyingozi kakhulu ngolwimi olucacileyo nolucacileyo lobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kwezibane zombane ze-3000V eziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Ekugqibeleni, ijaji yaphumelela isigqibo emva kwengxoxo-mpikiswano Emva kweVirginia, iOhio kunye namanye amaZwe kungekudala zakhaba izindululo ezifanayo.Ukususela ngoko, i-AC iye yamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu, kwaye i-Westinghouse inegama elikhulayo kwimfazwe yonxibelelwano (umzekelo, kwi-1893, yamkela isivumelwano somyalelo we-250000 bulbs kwi-Chicago Fair) i-Edison Electric Light Company, eyayiyinkampani. yoyisiwe kwimfazwe ye-AC / DC, yayingathenjwa kwaye yayingazinzanga.Kwafuneka idibaniswe nenkampani yaseThomson Houston ngo-1892 ukuseka inkampani yombane jikelele (GE) Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba inkampani isungulwe, yalahla ingcamango ka-Edison yokuchasa ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ze-AC, yazuza njengelifa umsebenzi wokuvelisa izixhobo ze-AC ze-Thomson Houston yasekuqaleni. inkampani, kwaye ikhuthaze ngamandla uphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-AC.
Oku kungasentla kulidabi elibalulekileyo phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC kwimbali yophuhliso lweemoto.Ingxabano ekugqibeleni yagqiba ukuba ukulimala kwe-AC kwakungekho yingozi njengoko abalandeli be-DC bathi.Emva kwesi sigqibo, i-alternator yaqala ukungenisa entwasahlobo yophuhliso, kwaye iimpawu zayo kunye neenzuzo zaqala ukuqondwa kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zamkelwa ngabantu.Oku kwakhona kamva kwiiNgxangxasi zaseNiagara Phakathi kweejenereyitha ze-hydro kwisikhululo sombane wamanzi, i-alternator yinto yokuphumelela kwakhona.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2021
