Ukusebenza okungazinzanga kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi kuya kukhokelela ekungcangcazeleni kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi.Xa ukungcangcazela kweyunithi ye-injini ye-hydraulic turbine kunzulu, kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi kwaye kuchaphazele nokhuseleko lwaso sonke isityalo.Ke ngoko, imilinganiselo yozinzo yokuphucula i-hydraulic turbine ibaluleke kakhulu.Ngawaphi amanyathelo okuphucula akhoyo?
I-1) Ukwandisa ngokuqhubekayo uyilo lwe-hydraulic ye-injini yamanzi, uphucule uyilo lokusebenza kuyilo lwe-iturbine yamanzi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweinjini yamanzi.Ke ngoko, kumsebenzi woyilo wokwenyani, abaqulunqi akufuneki nje ukuba babe nolwazi oluluqilima lobuchwephesha, kodwa bazama nokwandisa uyilo oludityaniswe namava abo omsebenzi.
Okwangoku, i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kunye novavanyo lwemodeli zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Kwinqanaba loyilo, umyili kufuneka adibanise amava omsebenzi, asebenzise i-CFD kunye novavanyo lwemodeli emsebenzini, aqhubeke nokwandisa isikhokelo se-vane airfoil, i-airfoil yembaleki kunye ne-cone yokukhupha, kwaye uzame ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwe-amplitude yedrafti yetyhubhu.Okwangoku, akukho mgangatho odibeneyo woluhlu lwe-amplitude yedrafti yokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwetyhubhu kwihlabathi.Ngokubanzi, isantya esijikelezayo sesikhululo samandla aphezulu siphantsi kwaye i-amplitude ye-vibration incinci, kodwa isantya esikhethekileyo sesikhululo samandla esisezantsi siphezulu kwaye i-amplitude yoxinzelelo lwe-fluctuation inkulu kakhulu.
2) Ukuqinisa ulawulo lomgangatho weemveliso ze-injini yamanzi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokulondoloza.Kwinqanaba loyilo lwe-hydraulic turbine, ukomeleza ukulawulwa komgangatho wemveliso ye-hydraulic turbine ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula uzinzo lokusebenza kwayo.Ke ngoko, okokuqala, ukuqina kweendawo zokuhamba okuhambayo kwi-injini ye-hydraulic turbine kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ukonakala kwayo phantsi kwentshukumo yokwenziwa koxinzelelo lomoya.Ukongeza, umyili kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-resonance yedrafti yetyhubhu frequency yendalo kunye ne-frequency ye-flow vortex band kunye ne-runner frequency yendalo kumthwalo ophantsi.
Ukongezelela, inxalenye yenguqu ye-blade kufuneka iyilwe ngokwesayensi.Ukuqiniswa kwendawo yengcambu ye-blade, indlela yokuhlalutya into enqamlekileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo.Kwinqanaba lokuvelisa umgijimi, inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokungqongqo kufuneka yamkelwe, kwaye insimbi engenasici kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizinto eziphathekayo.Okokugqibela, isoftware enamacala amathathu kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuyila imodeli yembaleki kunye nokulawula ubukhulu beblade.Emva kokuba umgijimi eqhutywe, uvavanyo lwebhalansi luya kwenziwa ukuphepha ukuphambuka kobunzima kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngcono umgangatho we-hydraulic turbine, ukugcinwa kwayo kamva kufuneka kuqiniswe.
Le yeminye imilinganiselo yokwenziwa kozinzo lweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine.Ukulungelelaniswa kozinzo lwe-hydraulic turbine, kufuneka siqale ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuyila, sidibanise imeko yangempela kunye namava omsebenzi, kwaye sihlale siphucula kwaye siphucule kuvavanyo lwemodeli.Ukongeza, ngawaphi amanyathelo esinawo okwandisa uzinzo olusetyenziswayo?Masiqhubeke kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Indlela yokuphucula kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza kweeyunithi ze-hydro generator ezisetyenziswayo.
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-injini ye-injini yamanzi, ii-blades zayo, imbaleki kunye namanye amacandelo aya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe abandezeleke kwi-cavitation kunye ne-abrasion.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa kunye nokulungisa i-injini yamanzi rhoqo.Okwangoku, eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokulungisa ukugcinwa kwe-hydraulic turbine kukulungisa i-welding.Kumsebenzi othile wokulungisa i-welding, kufuneka sihlale sinikela ingqalelo kwi-deformation ye-deformed components.Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokulungisa i-welding ugqityiwe, kufuneka kwakhona siqhube uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo kunye nokugulisa umphezulu umphezulu.
Ukomeleza ulawulo lwemihla ngemihla lwesikhululo sombane wamanzi kulungele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
① Ukusebenza kweeyunithi zeinjini yeinjini yamanzi kuya kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yesizwe efanelekileyo.Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower ngokubanzi zinomsebenzi wokumodareyitha rhoqo kunye nokutsheva okuphezulu kwinkqubo.Ngexesha elifutshane, iiyure zokusebenza ngaphandle koluhlu oluqinisekisiweyo lokusebenza ngokusisiseko azinakuphepheka.Kumsebenzi owenziwayo, iiyure zokusebenza ngaphandle koluhlu lokusebenza kufuneka zilawulwe malunga ne-5% kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
② Phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kweyunithi ye-injini yeinjini yamanzi, indawo yokungcangcazela kufuneka iphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.I-Francis turbine jikelele inezowuni enye yokungcangcazela okanye iindawo ezimbini zokungcangcazela, ngoko ke kwinqanaba lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kweiturbine, indlela yokuwela inokwamkelwa ukunqanda indawo yokungcangcazela kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ukongezelela, kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla weyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, inani lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kufuneka lincitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ngenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yokuqalisa rhoqo kunye nokuvalwa, isantya se-injini yomoya kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi luya kutshintsha ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye le nto ayilunganga kakhulu kuzinzo lweyunithi.
③ Kwixesha elitsha, inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji zikhula ngokukhawuleza.Kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wezikhululo zombane wamanzi, iindlela zokubona eziphambili kufuneka kwakhona zisetyenziswe ukujonga imeko yokusebenza kweeyunithi ze-injini ye-injini yamanzi ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-injini yamanzi.
Le yimilinganiselo yokwandisa uzinzo lweeyunithi ze-hydro generator.Kumiliselo lokwenene lwamanyathelo okwandisa, kufuneka siyile ngokwenzululwazi nangengqiqo iskimu sokwandisa ngokwemeko yethu yokwenyani.Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokulungiswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa, qwa lasela ukuba kukho iingxaki kwi-stator, rotor kunye nesikhokelo sokuthwala iyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukungcangcazela kweyunithi ye-injini ye-injini yamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2021
