I-counterattack turbine luhlobo loomatshini behydraulic abasebenzisa uxinzelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi ukuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini.
(1) Isakhiwo.Awona malungu aphambili olwakhiwo lweinjini yokuhlasela yimbaleki, igumbi lokuphambukisa amanzi, indlela yokukhokela amanzi kunye netyhubhu eyidrafti.
1) Imbaleki.Imbaleki yinxalenye yeinjini yomoya yamanzi eguqula amandla okuhamba kwamanzi abe ngamandla omatshini ajikelezayo.Ngokuxhomekeke kwicala lokuguqulwa kwamandla amanzi, izakhiwo zembaleki zee-turbines ezahlukeneyo zokulwa nazo ziyahluka.Imbaleki yeinjini yomoya kaFrancis yenziwe ngamagqabi ajijekileyo alungelelanisiweyo, isithsaba kunye neringi esezantsi kunye nezinye iinxalenye eziphambili ezithe nkqo;Imbaleki ye-axial flow turbine yenziwe ngamagqabi, umzimba wembaleki kunye nekowuni yokuhambisa amanzi kunye namanye amacandelo aphambili: idiagonal flow turbine imbaleki inzima ngakumbi.I-angle yokubeka i-blade inokutshintshwa kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwaye ihambelane nokuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo.Umgca osembindini weblade ojikelezayo ukwi-engile oblique (45°-60°) ukuya kwi-axis ye turbine.
2) Igumbi lokuguqula amanzi.Umsebenzi wayo kukwenza amanzi aqukuqelele ngokulinganayo kwindlela yokukhokela amanzi, ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla, nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweinjini yomoya.Ii-turbines ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi zihlala zisebenzisa i-volutes yentsimbi enqamlezileyo ejikelezayo eneentloko ezingaphezulu kwe-50m, kunye ne-trapezoidal cross-section concrete volutes kwabo bangaphantsi kwe-50m.
3) Indlela yokukhokela amanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe linani elithile lee-vanes zesikhokelo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye neendlela zabo ezijikelezayo ezilungelelaniswe ngokulinganayo kwi-periphery yembaleki.Umsebenzi walo kukukhokela ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokulinganayo kwimbaleki, kwaye ngokulungelelanisa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo, ukutshintsha isantya sokuhamba kwe-turbine ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthwalo wesethi ye-generator, kwaye idlala indima yokutywinwa kwamanzi. xa ivalwe ngokupheleleyo.
4) Drafti ityhubhu.Ukuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo yokuphuma kwembaleki kusenenxalenye yamandla entsalela engekasetyenziswa.Indima yetyhubhu eyidrafti kukubuyisela le nxalenye yamandla kwaye ikhuphe amanzi ezantsi.Ityhubhu equlunqiweyo yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini, ikhowuni ethe tye kunye negophe.Eyangaphambili inomlinganiso omkhulu wamandla kwaye ifanelekile ngokubanzi kwiiinjini ezincinci ezithe tye kunye ne-tubular;eyokugqibela inokusebenza okuphantsi koxinzelelo lwehydraulic kunecones ezithe tye, kodwa inobunzulu obuncinci bokwemba, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiinjini zokumelana nokuhlasela ezinkulu neziphakathi.
(2) Ukuhlelwa.Ngokomkhombandlela we-axial wokuhamba kwamanzi kwimbaleki, iturbine yempembelelo yahlulwe yaba yiiturbine yeFrancis, i-diagonal flow turbine, i-axial flow turbine kunye ne-tubular turbine.
1) Francis turbine.I-Francis (i-radial axial flow okanye i-Francis) i-iturbine yiinjini yokuhlasela echaseneyo apho amanzi ahamba ngokwe-radially ukusuka kwisangqa sembaleki ukuya kwicala le-axial.Olu hlobo lwe-turbine lunoluhlu olubanzi lweentloko ezisebenzayo (30-700m), isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi.Elona turbine inkulu kaFrancis ethe yasetyenziswa e-China sisiziko i-Ertan Hydropower Plant, esinamandla aqikelelwayo angama-582 MW kunye nowona mandla uphezulu wokukhupha ama-621 MW.
2) I-Axial flow turbine.I-axial flow turbine yi-counterattack turbine apho amanzi angena esuka kwicala le-axial kwaye aphume kwimbaleki ukuya kwicala le-axial.Olu hlobo lwe-turbine lwahlulwe lwaba ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-fixed-blade (uhlobo lwe-screw) kunye nohlobo olujikelezayo (uhlobo lwe-Kaplan).Amacwecwe angaphambili agxininisekile, kwaye iintambo zokugqibela ziyakwazi ukujikelezwa.Umthamo wokugqitha kwamanzi weinjini yomoya ye-axial bukhulu kunobo beinjini yomoya yaseFrancis.Ngenxa yokuba ii-blades ze-injini yokubheqa zinokutshintsha indawo kunye notshintsho kumthwalo, zinokusebenza okuphezulu kuluhlu olubanzi lotshintsho lomthwalo.Ukusebenza kwe-anti-cavitation kunye namandla omatshini we-axial flow turbine mbi ngakumbi kune-Francis turbine, kwaye isakhiwo sinzima ngakumbi.Okwangoku, intloko esebenzayo yolu hlobo lweinjini yomoya ifikelele kwi-80m okanye ngaphezulu.
3) I-Tubular turbine.Ukuhamba kwamanzi kolu hlobo lweinjini yamanzi aphuma nge-axially ngaphandle kwembaleki, kwaye akukho jikelezo phambi nasemva kwembaleki.Uluhlu lwentloko yokusetyenziswa luyi-3-20..I-fuselage ineenzuzo zobude obuncinci, iimeko zokuhamba kwamanzi ezilungileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubunjineli boluntu obuncinci, ixabiso eliphantsi, akukho mfuneko yee-volutes kunye neetyhubhu eziyilwayo ezigobileyo, kunye nentloko ephantsi, izibonelelo ezicacileyo.
Iiinjini zeTubula zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukuhamba okugcweleyo kunye nesiqingatha-ngokuhamba ngokuhambelana noqhagamshelo lwejenereyitha kunye nemo yothumelo.Iiinjini zokutyhutyha-tyhutyha-tyhutyha kwakhona zohlulwe ngohlobo lwebhalbhu, uhlobo lweshaft kunye nodidi lolwandiso lweshaft.Phakathi kwabo, uhlobo lokwandiswa kwe-shaft lukwahlulwe lwaba ziindidi ezimbini.Kukho i-oblique axis kunye ne-horizontal axis.Okwangoku, olona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ibhalbhu ye-tubular, uhlobo lolwandiso lwe-shaft kunye nohlobo lwe-shaft ethe nkqo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiyunithi ezincinci.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uhlobo lwe-shaft luye lwasetyenziswa nakwiiyunithi ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi.
Ijenereyitha yeyunithi ye-tubula yolwandiso lweshaft ifakwe ngaphandle kwendlela yamanzi, kwaye ijenereyitha iqhagamshelwe kwi-injini yomoya ene-shaft ethambekele ende okanye i-horizontal shaft.Olu lwakhiwo lohlobo lweshaft lulula kunodidi lwebhalbhu.
4) I-Diagonal flow turbine.Ubume kunye nobukhulu bokuhamba kwediagonal (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-diagonal) iturbine iphakathi kokuhamba okuxutyiweyo kunye ne-axial flow.Umahluko omkhulu kukuba umgca osembindini weencakuba zembaleki ukwi-engile ethile ukuya kumgca osembindini weinjini yomoya.Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo, iyunithi ayivumelekanga ukucwila ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko ke isixhobo sokukhusela i-axial displacement sifakwe kwisakhiwo sesibini ukukhusela iingozi ukuba ii-blades kunye negumbi lokugijima lidibene.Uluhlu lwentloko yosetyenziso lwe-diagonal flow turbine yi-25～200m.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2021
