Iifom zangoku zaseTshayina zokuvelisa amandla ikakhulu ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
(1) Ukuvelisa amandla obushushu.Iziko lokuvelisa amandla ashushu ngumzi-mveliso osebenzisa amalahle, ioli, negesi yendalo njengamafutha okuvelisa umbane.Inkqubo yayo esisiseko yemveliso yile: ukutshiswa kwepetroli kuguqula amanzi akwibhoyila abe ngumphunga, kwaye amandla ekhemikhali yesibaso ajike abe ngamandla obushushu.Uxinzelelo lomphunga luqhuba ukujikeleza kweinjini yomphunga.Iguqulwe ibe ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye ke i-injini yomphunga iqhubela ijenereyitha ukuba ijikelezise, iguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane.Amandla obushushu afuna ukutshisa amafutha efosili afana namalahle kunye nepetroleum.Kwelinye icala, amafutha efosili anqongophele, yaye okukhona evutha, kokukhona ejamelana nengozi yokudinwa.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncwane be-oyile behlabathi buya kube buphelile kwiminye iminyaka engama-30.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutshiswa kwepetroli kuya kukhupha i-carbon dioxide kunye ne-sulfur oxides, ngoko kuya kubangela impembelelo ye-greenhouse kunye nemvula ye-asidi, kwaye imoshe imeko yehlabathi.
(2) Umbane wamanzi.Amanzi aguqula amandla omxhuzulane anokubakho emanzini abe ngamandla e-kinetic achaphazela i-iturbine yamanzi, i-iturbine yamanzi iqalisa ukujikeleza, i-iturbine yamanzi iqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha, kwaye ijenereyitha iqalisa ukuvelisa umbane.Ukungalungi kombane owenziwe ngamanzi kukuba umhlaba omkhulu uzaliswe ngamanzi, nto leyo enokubangela umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye xa isisele esikhulu sidilikile, iziphumo ziya kuba yintlekele.Ukongeza, ubutyebi bamanzi belizwe bukwanqongophele, kwaye bukwachatshazelwa namaxesha onyaka.
(3) Ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga.Ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kuguqula ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic power generation), kwaye umgaqo wayo osisiseko "yi-photovoltaic effect."Xa iphoton ikhanya kwintsimbi, amandla ayo anokufunxwa yi-electron kwintsimbi.Amandla afunxwa yi-electron makhulu ngokwaneleyo ukoyisa umxhuzulane wangaphakathi wesinyithi ukwenza umsebenzi, ukubaleka kumphezulu wesinyithi kwaye abe yifotoelectron.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "photovoltaic effect", okanye "photovoltaic effect" ngokufutshane.Inkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
① Akukho ndawo zijikelezayo, akukho ngxolo;② Akukho kungcoliseka komoya, akukho nkunkuma yamanzi;③Akukho nkqubo yokutsha, akukho mafutha afunekayo;④Ugcino olulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zogcino;⑤Ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza;
⑥Ibhetri yelanga njengeyona nto iphambili inobomi obude benkonzo;
⑦ Uxinzelelo lwamandla elanga luphantsi, kwaye luyahluka ngokweendawo nendawo kunye nexesha nexesha.Le yeyona ngxaki iphambili ejongene nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga.
(4) Ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya.Iiinjini zomoya ngoomatshini bamandla abaguqula amandla omoya abe ngumsebenzi womatshini, okwaziwa ngokuba zii-windmills.Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, yinjini esebenzisa ubushushu esebenzisa ilanga njengomthombo wobushushu kunye neatmosfera njengendawo yokusebenza.Inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
①Uhlaziyo, olungacimiyo, akukho mfuneko yamalahle, i-oyile kunye nezinye izibaso ezifunekayo ukuvelisa amandla obushushu obushushu okanye imathiriyeli yenyukliya efunekayo kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya ukuvelisa umbane, ngaphandle kokugcinwa rhoqo, ngaphandle kokunye ukusetyenziswa;
②Ucoceko, izibonelelo ezilungileyo zokusingqongileyo;③Isikali sofakelo olubhetyebhetye;
④Ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko olubonakalayo;⑤Thatha indawo enkulu yomhlaba;
⑥Engazinzanga kwaye ayilawuleki;⑦ Okwangoku ixabiso lisephezulu;⑧Ukuchaphazela imisebenzi yeentaka.
(5) Amandla enyukliya.Indlela yokuvelisa umbane kusetyenziswa ubushushu obukhutshwe kukuqhekeka kwenyukliya kwireactor yenyukliya.Ifana kakhulu nemveliso yamandla e-thermal.Amandla enyukliya anezi mpawu zilandelayo:
① Uveliso lwamandla enyukliya alukhuphi izixa ezikhulu zezinto ezingcolisa umoya kwiatmosfera njengokuveliswa kwamandla efosili, ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya akusayi kubangela ungcoliseko lomoya;
②Ukuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya akusayi kuvelisa ikharbon diokside eyenza ibe mandundu impembelelo yegreenhouse yehlabathi;
③Izibaso zeuranium ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni amandla enyukliya azinanjongo yimbi ngaphandle kokuveliswa kwamandla;
④ Ubuninzi bamandla ezibaso zenyukliya bungaphezulu ngokuphindwe ngezigidi ngezigidi kunobo bamafutha efosili, ngoko ke amafutha asetyenziswa zizixhobo zamandla enyukliya mancinci ngokomlinganiselo kwaye alungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa;
⑤Kwixabiso lokuvelisa amandla enyukliya, ixabiso lepetroli libalelwa kumlinganiselo ophantsi, kwaye ixabiso lokuvelisa amandla enyukliya lichaphazeleka kancinci kwimpembelelo yemeko yezoqoqosho yamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke ixabiso lokuvelisa amandla lizinzile kunezinye iindlela zokuvelisa amandla;
⑥Amaziko avelisa amandla enyukliya aya kuvelisa inkunkuma eqhumayo enomgangatho ophezulu naphantsi, okanye izibaso ezisetyenzisiweyo zenyukliya.Nangona bethatha umthamo omncinci, kufuneka baphathwe ngononophelo ngenxa yemitha, kwaye kufuneka bajongane noxinzelelo olukhulu lwezopolitiko;
⑦ Ukusebenza kwe-thermal yezixhobo zamandla enyukliya kuphantsi, ngoko ke ubushushu benkunkuma eninzi bukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo kunezixhobo zamandla efosili eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ungcoliseko lobushushu lwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya lubi kakhulu;
⑧ Iindleko zotyalo-mali kwiziko lamandla enyukliya ziphezulu, kwaye umngcipheko wemali wenkampani yamandla uphezulu kakhulu;
⑨ Kukho isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli ye-radioactive kwireactor yesixhobo samandla senyukliya, ukuba sikhutshelwe kwimo engqongileyo yangaphandle ngengozi, siya kubangela ingozi kwi-ikholoji nakubantu;
⑩ Ukwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele iyantlukwano kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano.o Yintoni amandla ekhemikhali?
Amandla ekhemikhali ngamandla akhutshwa xa into idibana nekhemikhali.Ngamandla afihliweyo kakhulu.Ayinakusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza umsebenzi.Ikhutshwa kuphela xa kukho utshintsho lwekhemikhali kwaye ibe ngamandla obushushu okanye ezinye iindlela zamandla.Amandla akhutshwa kukutsha kweoli namalahle, ukudubula kweziqhushumbisi, kunye nokutshintsha kweekhemikhali kumzimba wokutya okutyayo abantu konke oko kungamandla emichiza.Amandla ekhemikhali abhekisa kumandla ekhompawundi.Ngokomthetho wokugcinwa kwamandla, olu tshintsho lwamandla lulingana nobukhulu kwaye luchasene nokutshintsha kwamandla obushushu ekuphenduleni.Xa iiathom ezikwikhompawundi yokusabela zicwangcisa ngokutsha ukuvelisa ikhompawundi entsha, iya kukhokelela kumandla emichiza.Utshintsho, ukuvelisa isiphumo exothermic okanye endothermic
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-25-2021
