1. Intshayelelo
Irhuluneli yeTurbine sesinye sezixhobo ezibini ezilawulayo kwiiyunithi zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.Ayidlali kuphela indima yokulawula isantya, kodwa iphinda ithathe uguqulo lweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphindaphinda, amandla, i-angle yesigaba kunye nolunye ulawulo lweeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane wamanzi kunye nokukhusela ivili lamanzi.Umsebenzi wesethi yejeneretha.Iirhuluneli zeTurbine ziye zadlula kwizigaba ezithathu zophuhliso: iirhuluneli ze-hydraulic mechanical, iirhuluneli ze-electro-hydraulic kunye ne-microcomputer digital hydraulic governors.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abalawuli abacwangcisiweyo baye bangeniswa kwiinkqubo zokulawula isantya se-turbine, ezinamandla okuthintela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu;ucwangciso olulula noluluncedo kunye nokusebenza;ubume bemodyuli, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo;Ineenzuzo zomsebenzi wolawulo oluluqilima kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba;iye yaqinisekiswa ngokwenyani.
Kweli phepha, uphando kwi-PLC ye-hydraulic turbine ye-dual adjustment system iyacetywa, kwaye isilawuli esicwangcisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ukuqonda uhlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini lwe-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-paddle, ephucula ukuchaneka kokulungelelaniswa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-vane eyahlukileyo. iintloko zamanzi.Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo kabini iphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
2. Inkqubo yokulawula i-turbine
2.1 Inkqubo yolawulo lwe turbine
Umsebenzi osisiseko wenkqubo yokulawula isantya seinjini yomoya kukutshintsha ukuvulwa kwesikhokelo se-vanes yeinjini yomoya ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa irhuluneli xa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla utshintsha kunye nesantya sokujikeleza seyunithi siyatenxa, ukuze isantya sokujikeleza seinjini yomoya. igcinwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo, ukwenzela ukuba iyunithi yejenereyitha isebenze.Amandla emveliso kunye namaxesha ahlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi.Imisebenzi esisiseko yolawulo lweinjini yomoya inokwahlulwa ibe ngummiselo wesantya, ulawulo lwamandla asebenzayo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi.
2.2 Umgaqo wolawulo lweinjini yomoya
Iyunithi ye-hydro-generator yiyunithi eyenziwe ngokudibanisa i-hydro-iturbine kunye nejenereyitha.Inxalenye ejikelezayo yesethi ye-hydro-generator ngumzimba oqinileyo ojikelezayo kwi-axis esisigxina, kwaye i-equation yayo inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kwifomula
—— Umzuzu wokungena kwenxalenye ejikelezayo yeyunithi (Kg m2)
——Isantya se-angular (Rad/s)
——Itorque yeTurbine (N/m), kubandakanywa nokulahleka komatshini kunye nombane.
——I-torque yokumelana nejeneretha, ebhekisela kwi-torque esebenzayo ye-stator ye-generator kwi-rotor, isalathiso sayo sichasene nolwalathiso lokujikeleza, kwaye imele imveliso yamandla esebenzayo ye-generator, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu bomthwalo.
Xa umthwalo utshintsha, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kuhlala kungatshintshi, kwaye isantya seyunithi sisenokuzinziswa kwixabiso elithile.Ngenxa yokuba isantya siya kuphambuka kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, akwanelanga ukuthembela kwisakhono sokulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ukuze ugcine isantya.Ukuze ugcine isantya seyunithi kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo lokuqala emva kokutshintsha komthwalo, kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 1 ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha i-vane yesikhokelo ngokufanelekileyo.Xa umthwalo uyancipha, xa i-torque yokuchasa itshintsha ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-2, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kuya kuncitshiswa ukuya ku-1, kwaye isantya seyunithi siya kugcinwa.Ngoko ke, ngokutshintshwa komthwalo, ukuvulwa kwendlela yokukhokela amanzi kuguqulwa ngokuhambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba isantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator igcinwe kwixabiso elimiselweyo, okanye utshintsho ngokomthetho ochazwe kwangaphambili.Le nkqubo luhlengahlengiso lwesantya seyunithi ye-hydro-generator., okanye umgaqo womoya.
3. I-PLC hydraulic turbine dual adjustment system
Irhuluneli yeinjini yomoya kukulawula ukuvuleka kweendawo zokukhokela amanzi ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwimbaleki yeinjini yomoya, ngokwenjenjalo itshintsha itorque eguqukayo yeinjini yomoya nokulawula ukuphindaphindwa kweyunithi yeinjini yomoya.Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-axial-flow rotary paddle turbine, irhuluneli ayifanele ilungelelanise ukuvulwa kwee-vanes zesikhokelo, kodwa ilungelelanise i-angle yeeblades zembaleki ngokokubetha kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi yomlandeli wesikhokelo, ukuze i-vane yesikhokelo kunye ne-vane idibaniswe.Gcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo, oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane bokulungelelanisa, obunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-turbine, ukunciphisa i-blade cavitation kunye nokungcangcazela kweyunithi, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-turbine.
I-hardware ye-PLC yokulawula i-turbine vane system ikakhulu yenziwe ngamalungu amabini, angalawuli we-PLC kunye ne-hydraulic servo system.Okokuqala, makhe sixoxe ngesakhiwo se-hardware yomlawuli we-PLC.
3.1 Umlawuli we-PLC
Umlawuli we-PLC uqulunqwe ikakhulu yiyunithi yokufaka, iyunithi yesiseko ye-PLC kunye neyunithi yokuphuma.Iyunithi yokufaka ifakwe imodyuli ye-A / D kunye nemodyuli yokufaka idijithali, kwaye iyunithi yokuphuma yenziwe imodyuli yeD / A kunye nemodyuli yedijithali.Umlawuli we-PLC uxhotyiswe ngomboniso wedijithali we-LED wokujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani leeparamitha ze-PID zenkqubo, isikhundla somlandeli we-vane, isikhokelo sendawo yokulandela umlandeli kunye nexabiso lentloko yamanzi.I-voltmeter ye-analog ikwabonelelwe ukujonga indawo yomlandeli we-vane xa kukho ukusilela komlawuli we-microcomputer.
3.2 Inkqubo yokulandelela i-hydraulic
Inkqubo ye-servo ye-hydraulic yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokulawula i-turbine vane.Umqondiso wokuphuma komlawuli ukhuliswe nge-hydraulically ukulawula ukuhamba komlandeli we-vane, ngaloo ndlela ulungelelanisa i-angle ye-runner blades.Samkela indibaniselwano yolawulo lwevalvu engundoqo yoxinzelelo lwevalve yohlobo lwe-electro-hydraulic control system kunye nenkqubo yokulawula umatshini-hydraulic yemveli ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo ehambelanayo ye-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kunye nomatshini-hydraulic valve njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. -up inkqubo yeencakuba zomoya.
Inkqubo yokulandelela i-Hydraulic ye-injini ye-injini
Xa isilawuli se-PLC, i-valve ye-electro-hydraulic proportional valve kunye ne-position sensor iyinto eqhelekileyo, i-PLC electro-hydraulic proportional control method isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa inkqubo ye-turbine vane, ixabiso lengxelo yesikhundla kunye nexabiso lemveliso lihanjiswa ngemiqondiso yombane, kwaye Iimpawu zenziwa ngumlawuli wePLC., ukusetyenzwa kunye nokwenza isigqibo, lungisa ukuvuleka kwevalve yevalve engundoqo yokusabalalisa uxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa ivalve elinganayo ukulawula indawo yomlandeli we-vane, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane yesikhokelo, intloko yamanzi kunye ne-vane.Inkqubo ye-turbine ye-vane elawulwa yi-electro-hydraulic proportional valve ine-high synergy precision, isakhiwo senkqubo elula, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kongcoliseko lwe-oyile, kwaye ikulungele ukudibana nomlawuli we-PLC ukwenza inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo i-microcomputer.
Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwendlela yokunxibelelana komatshini, kwimowudi yolawulo lwe-electro-hydraulic proportional, i-mechanical linkage mechanism nayo iyasebenza ngaxeshanye ukulandelela ubume bokusebenza kwenkqubo.Ukuba i-PLC i-electro-hydraulic proportional control system iyasilela, ivalve yokutshintsha iya kusebenza ngoko nangoko, kwaye umatshini wokudibanisa umatshini unokulandelela ngokusisiseko imeko esebenzayo ye-electro-hydraulic proportional control system.Xa utshintshela, impembelelo yenkqubo incinci, kwaye inkqubo ye-vane inokutshintsha ngokutyibilikayo kwimodi yokulawula umbutho womatshini iqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
Xa sasiyila isekethe ye-hydraulic, sayila ngokutsha umzimba wevalve yevalve yolawulo lwe-hydraulic, ubungakanani obuhambelanayo bomzimba wevalvu kunye nomkhono wevalvu, ubungakanani bonxibelelwano lomzimba wevalve kunye nevalve engundoqo yoxinzelelo, kunye nobukhulu bomatshini intonga yokudibanisa phakathi kwevalve ye-hydraulic kunye nevalve yokusabalalisa uxinzelelo oluphambili iyafana neyokuqala.Kuphela ngumzimba wevalve wevalve ye-hydraulic ekufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha lofakelo, kwaye akukho zinye iindawo ezifuna ukutshintshwa.Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-hydraulic luphelele kakhulu.Kwisiseko sokugcina ngokupheleleyo umatshini we-synergy womatshini, indlela yokulawula i-electro-hydraulic proportional yongezwa ukuququzelela ujongano kunye nomlawuli we-PLC ukuqonda ulawulo lwe-digital synergy kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso lwe-injini ye-vane system.;Kwaye inkqubo yofakelo kunye ne-debugging yenkqubo ilula kakhulu, enciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa iyunithi ye-hydraulic turbine unit, iququzelele ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yokulawula i-hydraulic ye-injini ye-hydraulic, kwaye inexabiso elifanelekileyo elifanelekileyo.Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokwenene kwisiza, inkqubo ixatyiswa kakhulu ngabasebenzi bobunjineli kunye nabasebenzi bobugcisa besikhululo samandla, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba inokusasazwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-hydraulic servo yerhuluneli yezikhululo zombane wamanzi amaninzi.
3.3 Ubume benkqubo yesoftware kunye nendlela yokuphumeza
Kwi-PLC elawulwa yi-turbine vane system, indlela yedijithali ye-synergy isetyenziselwa ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-vanes yesikhokelo, intloko yamanzi kunye nokuvulwa kwe-vane.Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yemveli ye-synergy yomatshini, indlela yedijithali ye-synergy ineengenelo zokulungisa iparamitha ngokulula, Ineengenelo zokulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kobudlelwane.Ulwakhiwo lwesoftware yenkqubo yolawulo lwe-vane luqulunqwe ikakhulu yinkqubo yohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo, inkqubo yolawulo lwe-algorithm kunye nenkqubo yokuxilongwa.Ngezantsi sixoxa ngeendlela zokuphumeza ezi nxalenye zintathu zeprogram ngokulandelelanayo.Inkqubo yokusebenza yohlengahlengiso ikakhulu ibandakanya i-subroutine ye-synergy, i-subroutine yokuqala i-vane, i-subroutine yokumisa i-vane kunye ne-subroutine yokuchithwa komthwalo we-vane.Xa inkqubo isebenza, iqala ichonge kwaye igwebe imeko yokusebenza yangoku, emva koko iqalise iswitsha yesoftware, iphumeza uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo, kwaye ibala ixabiso elinikiweyo lomlandeli wevane.
(1) Inkqubo yombutho
Ngovavanyo lwemodeli yeyunithi yeinjini yomoya, ibhetshi yamanqaku alinganisiweyo kumphezulu odibeneyo unokufumaneka.Ikhamera edibeneyo yomatshini yendabuko yenziwa ngokusekelwe kula manqaku alinganisiweyo, kwaye indlela yokudibanisa yedijithali ikwasebenzisa la manqaku alinganisiweyo ukuzoba isethi yeengqungquthela ezidibeneyo.Ukukhetha amanqaku awaziwayo kwigophe lombutho njengamaqhuqhuva, kunye nokwamkela indlela ye-piecewise linear interpolation yomsebenzi wokubini, ixabiso lomsebenzi we-non-nodes kulo mgca wombutho unokufumaneka.
(2) Inkqubo yokuqaliswa kweVane
Injongo yokufunda umthetho wokuqalisa kukunciphisa ixesha lokuqalisa kweyunithi, ukunciphisa umthwalo we-thrust bearing, kunye nokudala iimeko ezidityanisiweyo zegridi kwiyunithi ye-generator.
(3) Inkqubo yevane stop
Imithetho yokuvala i-vanes yile ilandelayo: xa umlawuli efumana umyalelo wokuvala, i-vanes kunye ne-vanes yesikhokelo ivaliwe ngexesha elifanayo ngokuhambelana nobudlelwane bokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweyunithi: xa ukuvulwa kwesikhokelo kuncinci. kunokuvulwa okungathwali mthwalo, i-vanes lag Xa i-vane yesikhokelo ivalwa kancinci, ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-vane kunye ne-vane yesikhokelo ayisagcinwa;xa isantya seyunithi sihla ngaphantsi kwe-80% yesantya esilinganisiweyo, i-vane iphinda ivulwe kwi-angle yokuqala Φ0, ilungele ukuqalisa okulandelayo Lungiselela.
(4) Inkqubo yokwaliwa komthwalo weblade
Ukulahlwa komthwalo kuthetha ukuba iyunithi enomthwalo inqanyulwe ngokukhawuleza kwigridi yamandla, yenza iyunithi kunye nenkqubo yokuguqula amanzi kwimeko yokusebenza embi, ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lombane kunye neyunithi.Xa umthwalo uchithwa, irhuluneli ilingana nesixhobo sokukhusela, esenza ukuba i-vanes yesikhokelo kunye ne-vanes ivalwe ngokukhawuleza de isantya seyunithi sehla ukuya kwindawo yesantya esilinganiselwe.uzinzo.Ke ngoko, kwindawo yokuphela komthwalo, iivanes zivulwa ngokubanzi kwi-engile ethile.Oku kuvuleka kufunyanwa ngovavanyo lokuphela komthwalo kwesona sikhululo samandla.Inokuqinisekisa ukuba xa iyunithi ichitha umthwalo, kungekhona nje ukunyuka kwesantya kuncinci, kodwa kunye neyunithi izinzile..
4 Umqukumbelo
Ngokujonga imeko yangoku yobuchwephesha boshishino lwelizwe lam lolawulo lwe turbine ye hydraulic turbine, eli phepha libhekisa kulwazi olutsha kwicandelo lolawulo lwesantya seinjini yolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lwamanzi ekhaya naphesheya, kwaye lisebenzisa iteknoloji yesilawuli se-programmable logic (PLC) kulawulo lwesantya iseti yejenereyitha ye hydraulic turbine.Umlawuli wenkqubo (PLC) ngundoqo we-axial-flow paddle-type hydraulic turbine dual-regulation system.Usetyenziso olusebenzayo lubonisa ukuba iskimu siphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso phakathi kwesikhokelo se-vane kunye ne-vane yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zentloko yamanzi, kwaye siphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-11-2022
