Amandla ombane yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla endalo amanzi abe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa iindlela zobunjineli.Yeyona ndlela isisiseko yokusetyenziswa kwamandla emanzini.Imodeli yokusetyenziswa ineenzuzo zokungasetyenziswa kwepetroli kwaye akukho ngcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, amandla amanzi anokongezwa ngokuqhubekayo yimvula, izixhobo ezilula ze-electromechanical kunye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kunye nokufanelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, utyalo-mali ngokubanzi lukhulu, ixesha lokwakha lide, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iilahleko zokukhukula ziya kubangelwa.Amandla ombane ahlala edityaniswa nolawulo lwezandyondyo, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo.(umbhali: Pang Mingli)
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zombane wamanzi:
1. Isikhululo sombane esiqhelekileyo samanzi
Oko kukuthi, amandla okuvelisa amanzi kwidama, okwakwaziwa ngokuba ngumthombo wamanzi kwidama.Uvimba wenziwa ngamanzi agcinwe edamini, kwaye amandla awo aphezulu aphumayo amiselwa ngumthamo wedama kunye nomahluko phakathi kwendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokuphakama komphezulu wamanzi.Lo mahluko wobude ubizwa ngokuba yintloko, ekwabizwa ngokuba yidropha okanye intloko, kwaye amandla anokubakho amanzi alingana ngqo nentloko.
2. Ukuqhuba kwesikhululo sombane womlambo (ROR)
Oko kukuthi, amandla ombane aqukuqelayo emfuleni, okwakwaziwa njenge-runoff hydropower, luhlobo lwamandla ombane olusebenzisa umbane oveliswa ngamanzi kodwa lufuna kuphela umlinganiselo omncinci wamanzi okanye aludingi kugcina isixa esikhulu samanzi ukuvelisa umbane.Umbane ohamba ngomlambo phantse awufuni kugcinwa kwamanzi konke konke, okanye ufuna ukwakha iindawo zokugcina amanzi ezincinci kakhulu.Xa kwakhiwa iindawo ezincinci zokugcina amanzi, olu hlobo lwezixhobo zokugcina amanzi lubizwa ngokuba yi-adjustment pool okanye forebay.Ngenxa yokuba kungekho zixhobo zikhulu zokugcina amanzi, ukuveliswa kwamandla okuhamba kweSichuan kunovakalelo kakhulu kutshintsho lomthamo wamanzi onyaka wonyaka womthombo wamanzi okhankanyiweyo.Ke ngoko, isityalo samandla sokuhamba kweSichuan sihlala sichazwa njengomthombo wamandla wethutyana.Ukuba itanki elawulayo enokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi nangaliphi na ixesha yakhiwe kwiplanti yamandla yaseChuanliu, ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sombane sokucheba esiphakamileyo okanye isixhobo samandla esisisiseko.
3. Amandla omlambo
Ukuveliswa kombane wamaza kusekwe ekunyukeni nasekuweni komphakamo wamanzi olwandle okubangelwa ngamaza.Ngokubanzi, amadama aya kwakhiwa ukuvelisa umbane, kodwa kukwakho ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwamanzi olwandle ukuvelisa umbane.Azikho iindawo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa amandla olwandle ehlabathini.Kukho iindawo ezisibhozo ezifanelekileyo e-UK, kwaye amandla ayo aqikelelwa ukuba anele ukuhlangabezana ne-20% yemfuno yamandla yelizwe.
Kakade ke, izikhululo zombane zesiqhelo zilawula iindlela ezintathu zokuvelisa umbane.Ukongeza, isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo sikholisa ukusebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo enkqubo yamandla (amandla ngexesha lezandyondyo, iholide okanye asezantsi ezinzulwini zobusuku) ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka kumgangatho osezantsi ukuya kwidama eliphezulu ukuze agcinwe;Kwincopho yomthwalo wesixokelelwano, amanzi akwidama eliphezulu aya kuthotywa kwaye i-injini yomoya iya kuqhuba ijenereyitha yeijini yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane.Ngemisebenzi emibini yokucheba okuphakamileyo kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokutsheva unikezelo lwamandla kwinkqubo yamandla.Ukongeza, inokuphinda isetyenziswe njengokumodareyitha okuphindaphindiweyo, ukumodareyitha kwesigaba, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokulinda, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wegridi yamandla kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho lwenkqubo.
Isikhululo samandla sokugcina impompo ngokwaso asivelisi amandla ombane, kodwa sidlala indima ekulungelelaniseni ukuphikisana phakathi kokuveliswa kombane kunye nonikezelo lwamandla kwigridi yombane;Ulawulo lomthwalo oluphezulu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kumthwalo wexesha elifutshane;Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshintsha kwemveliso kunokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kombane wegridi yamandla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokunikezelwa kwamandla kwigridi yamandla.Ngoku akubalelwanga kumandla ombane, kodwa kugcino lwamandla.
Okwangoku, kukho izikhululo zombane ezisebenza ngamanzi ezili-193 ezinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphezulu kwe-1000MW ehlabathini, kwaye ezingama-21 zisakhiwa.Phakathi kwazo, izikhululo zombane ezingama-55 ezinomthamo ofakiweyo ongaphezulu kwe-1000MW ziyasebenza eTshayina, kwaye ezi-5 zisakhiwa, zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2022
