Kwimilambo yendalo, amanzi aqukuqela ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi edityaniswe nentlenga, kwaye kaninzi ehlamba ibhedi yomlambo kunye namathambeka ebhanki, okubonisa ukuba kukho umlinganiselo othile wamandla ofihlwe emanzini.Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, la mandla anokubakho asetyenziselwa ukukhuhla, ukutyhala intlenga kunye nokoyisa ukumelana nokukhuhlana.Ukuba sakha ezinye izakhiwo kwaye sifake izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukwenza umsinga wokuhamba kwamanzi ngokuqhubekayo kwi-injini yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi iya kuqhutywa ngumbane wamanzi, njengomoya, onokujikeleza ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye amandla amanzi aya kuguqulwa. kumandla oomatshini.Xa i-injini yamanzi iqhuba ijenereyitha ukuba ijikeleze kunye, inokuvelisa umbane, kwaye amandla amanzi aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane.Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wokwenziwa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.Iiinjini zamanzi kunye neejenereyitha zezona zixhobo zisisiseko sokuvelisa umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi.Mandikunike intshayelelo emfutshane yolwazi oluncinci malunga nokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.
1. Amandla ombane kunye namandla okuhamba kwamanzi
Kuyilo lwesikhululo samandla ombane, ukuze kubonwe ubungakanani besikhululo sombane, kuyimfuneko ukwazi umthamo wokuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla.Ngokwemigaqo esisiseko yokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi, akukho nzima ukubona ukuba umthamo wokuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla umiselwa ngubungakanani bomsebenzi onokwenziwa ngulo msinga.Sibiza umsebenzi opheleleyo amanzi anokuthi awenze ngexesha elithile njengamandla amanzi, kwaye umsebenzi onokuthi wenziwe kwiyunithi yexesha (yesibini) kuthiwa amandla akhoyo.Ngokucacileyo, okukhona amandla okuqukuqela kwamanzi, kokukhona ukuvelisa amandla kwisikhululo samandla.Ngoko ke, ukwazi umthamo wokuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla, kufuneka kuqala sibale amandla okuhamba kwamanzi.Amandla okuhamba kwamanzi emlanjeni angabalwa ngolu hlobo, ecinga ukuba ukuhla kwamanzi kwinqanaba elithile lomlambo ngu-H (imitha), kunye nomthamo wamanzi we-H odlula kwinqanaba eliwela umlambo kwiyunithi. ixesha (imizuzwana) yi-Q (i-cubic metres/yesibini), ngoko ke ukuhamba Amandla ecandelo alingana nemveliso yobunzima bamanzi kunye nokuhla.Ngokucacileyo, okukhona amanzi ewa phezulu, kokukhona ahamba kakhulu, kwaye kokukhona aya kuba mkhulu amandla okuqukuqela kwamanzi.
2. Imveliso yezikhululo zombane wamanzi
Ngaphantsi kwentloko ethile kunye nokuhamba, umbane onokuveliswa sisikhululo sombane wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba yi-hydropower output.Ngokucacileyo, amandla aphumayo axhomekeke kumandla okuhamba kwamanzi kwi-injini yomoya.Kwinkqubo yokuguqula umbane wamanzi ube ngamandla ombane, amanzi kufuneka oyise ukuxhathisa komlambo okanye izakhiwo endleleni ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.Iiinjini zamanzi, iijenereyitha, kunye nezixhobo zothumelo kufuneka zoyise izinto ezininzi ezixhathisayo ngexesha lomsebenzi.Ukoyisa ukuchasana, umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe, kwaye amandla okuhamba kwamanzi aya kusetyenziswa, okungenakuphepheka.Ngoko ke, amandla okuhamba kwamanzi angasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane omncinci kunexabiso elifunyenwe ngefomula, oko kukuthi, ukukhutshwa kwesikhululo sombane wamanzi kufuneka kulingane namandla okuhamba kwamanzi aphindwe yinto engaphantsi kwe-1. Lo mlinganiso ukwabizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo sombane wamanzi.
Ixabiso elithile lokusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo sombane wamanzi linxulumene nobungakanani belahleko yamandla eyenzeka xa amanzi ehamba kwisakhiwo kunye ne-injini yamanzi, izixhobo zokuhambisa, i-generator, njl., ilahleko enkulu, iyancipha ukusebenza kakuhle.Kwisikhululo sombane esincinci, isixa-mali sezi lahleko zenza malunga ne-25-40% yamandla okuhamba kwamanzi.Oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwamanzi okunokuvelisa i-kilowatts ye-100 yombane ingena kwisikhululo sombane, kwaye i-generator inokuvelisa kuphela i-60 ukuya kwi-75 kilowatts yombane, ngoko ke ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo sombane olingana ne-60 ~ 75%.
Inokubonwa kwintshayelelo yangaphambili ukuba xa isantya sokuhamba kwesikhululo samandla kunye nomahluko wenqanaba lamanzi ungaguquguquki, ukukhutshwa kombane wesikhululo samandla kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakuhle.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba ukongeza ekusebenzeni kweeinjini zamanzi, iijenereyitha kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa, ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhululo zombane wamanzi, njengomgangatho wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo, umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nolawulo, nokuba uyilo lwe isikhululo sombane oveliswa ngamanzi sichanekile, zizinto zonke ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo sombane.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye zezi zinto zinempembelelo ziyiprayimari kwaye ezinye zisesekondari, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile, izinto eziphambili kunye nesibini ziya kuguqulwa zibe enye kwenye.
Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na unobangela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba abantu abazozinto, oomatshini balawulwa ngabantu, yaye ubugcisa bulawulwa yingcinga.Ke ngoko, kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo zezikhululo zombane wamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yabantu, kunye nokuzabalazela ukugqwesa kwitekhnoloji yokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla okuhamba kwamanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Oku kungenxa yezikhululo zombane wamanzi apho ukuthotywa kwamanzi ngokwawo kusezantsi kakhulu.Ibaluleke ngakumbi.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza ngokukuko ukusebenza kunye nolawulo lwezikhululo zombane wamanzi, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhululo zamandla ombane, ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ubutyebi bamanzi, kunye nokwenza ukuba izikhululo zombane ezincinci zidlale indima enkulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-09-2021
