Isiteshi sokuqala sikagesi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi sakhiwa eFrance ngo-1878 futhi sasebenzisa amajeneretha aphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukukhiqiza ugesi.Kuze kube manje, ukukhiqizwa kwamajeneretha aphehla ugesi kubizwa ngokuthi “umqhele” wokukhiqiza waseFrance.Kodwa kusukela ngo-1878, ijeneretha kagesi wamanzi yayinomklamo wokuqala.Ngo-1856, kwaphuma i-generator ye-DC ye-Lianlian Alliance brand.Ngo-1865, umFulentshi uCasseven kanye nomNtaliyane Marko babenombono wokuhlanganisa ijeneretha ye-DC kanye ne-turbine yamanzi ukuze kuphehle ugesi.Ngo-1874, uPiroski waseRussia naye wahlongoza umklamo wokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi.Ngo-1878, izimboni zokuqala zamandla kagesi ngamanzi emhlabeni zakhiwa eGragside Manor eNgilandi naseSirmite eduze kwaseParis, eFrance, futhi kwavela iqoqo lokuqala lamajeneretha kagesi kagesi e-DC.Ngo-1891, ijeneretha yokuqala kagesi wamanzi (Laufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) yazalwa eRuitu Olican Company.Kusukela ngo-1891 kuze kube manje, inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe kubuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100.
Isigaba sokuqala (1891-1920)
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuzalwa kwamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi, abantu baxhume ijeneretha yamanje eqondile noma i-alternator ku-turbine yamanzi ukuze benze isethi yamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi.Ngaleso sikhathi, yayingekho ijeneretha kagesi eklanywe ngokukhethekile.Lapho kwakhiwa isikhungo samandla kagesi e-Lauffen ngo-1891, kwavela umshini wokuphehla ugesi oklanywe ngokukhethekile.Njengoba izitshalo zakuqala eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zazizincane, izizinda ezizimele zodwa ezinobubanzi obuncane bokuphehla ugesi, imingcele yamajeneretha yayinesiphithiphithi kakhulu, inama-voltage ahlukahlukene namaza.Ngokwesakhiwo, ama-hydro-generator ngokuvamile avundlile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lama-hydro-generator esigabeni sokuqala amajeneretha e-DC, futhi kamuva, isigaba esisodwa se-AC, isigaba sesithathu se-AC, kanye nezigaba ezimbili ze-AC hydro-generator.
Izinkampani ezaziwayo kakhulu zokukhiqiza i-hydro-generator esigabeni sokuqala zifaka i-BBC, i-Oelikon, i-Siemens, i-Westinghouse (WH), i-Edison ne-General Motors (GE), njll., kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-hydro-turbine omele Umshini uhlanganisa i-300hp emithathu. -isigaba se-AC generator ye-turbine ye-Laufen Hydropower Plant (1891), i-750kW i-AC generator yezigaba ezintathu ze-Folsom Hydropower Station e-United States (eyenziwe yi-GE Corporation, 1893), kanye ne-Adams Hydropower Plant ohlangothini lwaseMelika lwase-Niagara I-Falls (i-Niagara Falls) engu-5000hp yezigaba ezimbili ze-AC hydroelectric generator (1894), 12MNV?A kanye ne-16MV?A amajeneretha kagesi avundlile (1904-1912) e-Ontario Power Station ohlangothini lwaseCanada lwe-Niagara Falls, kanye nesitendi esingu-40 eyakhiwe yi-GE ngo-1920 Thayipha i-hydroelectric generator.Isiteshi sikagesi i-Hellsjon Hydropower Station eSweden sakhiwa ngo-1893. Indawo yokuphehla ugesi yayifakwe amasethi amane e-344kV?A ezigaba ezintathu ze-AC evundlile yama-hydro-generator.Amajeneretha akhiqizwa yiGeneral Electric Company (ASEA) yaseSweden.
Ngo-1891, uMbukiso Womhlaba wonke wawuseFrankfurt, eJalimane.Ukuze kuboniswe ukudluliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ashintshashintshayo emhlanganweni, abagqugquzeli bengqungquthela bafake isethi yamajeneretha akhiqiza amandla kagesi embonini kasimende yasePortland eLarffen, eJalimane, ebangeni elingu-175km., Ukukhanyisa nokushayela i-100hp enezigaba ezintathu ze-induction motor.I-hydro-generator ye-Laufen Power Station yaklanywa uBrown, unjiniyela omkhulu we-Ruitu Oerlikon Company, futhi yakhiqizwa yi-Oerlikon Company.Ijeneretha iwuhlobo oluvundlile olunezigaba ezintathu, 300hp, 150r/min, izigxobo ezingama-32, 40Hz, kanti amandla wesigaba angama-55 ~ 65V.Ububanzi obungaphandle bejeneretha buyi-1752mm, kanti ubude bensimbi buyi-380mm.Inombolo ye-generator stator slots ingu-96, izikhala ezivaliwe (ezibizwa ngokuthi izimbobo ngaleso sikhathi), isigxobo ngasinye kanye nesigaba ngasinye siyinduku yethusi, i-slot yentambo yocingo ifakwe ipuleti le-asbestos elingu-2mm, futhi isiphetho siyithusi elingenalutho. induku;i-rotor iyindandatho egxilile Izigxobo zozipho zensimu ziyasonteka.Ijeneretha ishayelwa i- hydraulic turbine eqondile ngepheya lamagiya e-bevel, futhi ijatshuliswa enye ijeneretha encane ye-DC hydraulic.Ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha kufinyelela ku-96.5%.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokudluliswa kwamajeneretha aphehla amandla e-Laufen Power Station kuya e-Frankfurt kuwukuhlola kokuqala kwezimboni kokudluliswa kwamanje kwezigaba ezintathu emlandweni wesintu.Kuyintuthuko ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwamandla ashintshayo, ikakhulukazi wamanje oshintshana ngezigaba ezintathu.Ijeneretha iphinde ibe ijeneretha yokuqala yezigaba ezintathu ekhiqiza amanzi emhlabeni.
Okungenhla ukuklanywa nokuthuthukiswa kwamajeneretha aphehla ugesi ngamanzi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu yokuqala.Eqinisweni, uma ubheka inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, amajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi ngokuvamile ayisiteji sokuthuthukiswa njalo ngemva kweminyaka engama-30.Okungukuthi, inkathi kusukela ngo-1891 kuya ku-1920 kwaba isigaba sokuqala, isikhathi kusukela 1921 kuya ku-1950 kwaba isigaba sokukhula kwezobuchwepheshe, inkathi kusukela 1951 kuya ku-1984 kwaba isigaba intuthuko ngokushesha, futhi isikhathi kusukela 1985 kuya ku-2010 kwaba isiteji. yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2021
