Lapho ukuvuselelwa komnotho kuhlangabezana nebhodlela le-supply chain, njengoba isikhathi sokushisa sasebusika sisondela, ingcindezi embonini yamandla yaseYurophu iyanda, futhi i-hyperinflation yegesi yemvelo kanye nentengo kagesi iya ngokuya ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi kunesibonakaliso esincane. ukuthi lesi simo sizokwenziwa ngcono esikhathini esifushane.
Lapho bebhekene nengcindezi, ohulumeni abaningi baseYurophu bathathe izinyathelo, ikakhulukazi ngokukhululeka kwentela, ngokukhipha amavawusha okusetshenziswayo kanye nokulwa nokuqagela ngokuhweba ngekhabhoni.
Ubusika abukafiki, futhi intengo yegesi kanye nentengo kawoyela isifinyelele phezulu
Njengoba isimo sezulu siya ngokubanda, amanani entengo yegesi yemvelo nogesi eYurophu aye eqa ukuze aqophe amanani aphezulu.Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile babikezela ukuthi ukushoda kwamandla kagesi kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu kuzoba kubi kakhulu.
AbakwaReuters babike ukuthi kusukela ngo-Agasti, amanani egesi yemvelo aseYurophu anyukile, anyusa amanani kagesi, amalahle kagesi neminye imithombo yamandla.Njengophawu lokuhweba ngegesi yemvelo yaseYurophu, intengo yegesi yemvelo yesikhungo se-TTF eNetherlands ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-175 euros / MWh ngoSepthemba 21, ephakeme ngokuphindwe kane kunaleyo ngoMashi.Njengoba igesi yemvelo ishoda, amanani egesi yemvelo esikhungweni se-TTF e-Netherlands asakhuphuka.
Ukushoda kukagesi nokukhuphuka kwentengo kagesi akusezona izindaba.I-International Energy Agency yathi esitatimendeni ngo-September 21 ukuthi emasontweni amuva nje, amanani kagesi eYurophu akhuphukele ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi futhi akhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-100 euro / megawatt ihora ezimakethe eziningi.
Amanani kagesi ezitolo ezinkulu eJalimane naseFrance akhuphuke ngo-36% no-48% ngokulandelana.Izintengo zikagesi e-UK zikhuphuke zisuka ku-£ 147 / MWh zaya ku-£385 / MWh emasontweni ambalwa.Isilinganiso sentengo kagesi eSpain nasePortugal sifinyelele ku-175 euros / MWh, izikhathi ezintathu kunezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule.
I-Italy njengamanje ingelinye lamazwe aseYurophu anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lentengo yokuthengiswa kukagesi.Inethiwekhi yamandla yase-Italy kanye ne-Environmental Supervision Bureau isanda kukhipha umbiko wokuthi kusukela ngo-Okthoba, izindleko zikagesi zamakhaya ajwayelekile e-Italy kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke ngo-29.8%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kuzokhuphuka ngo-14.4%.Uma uhulumeni engangeneleli ukulawula amanani, amanani amabili angenhla azokhuphuka ngo-45% no-30% ngokulandelana.
Abahlinzeki bakagesi abayisishagalombili eJalimane bakhuphule noma bamemezela ukwenyuka kwamanani, ngokwesilinganiso sokukhuphuka ngo-3.7%.I-UFC que choisir, inhlangano yabathengi baseFrance, iphinde yaxwayisa ngokuthi imindeni esebenzisa ukushisisa kukagesi ezweni izokhokha isilinganiso sama-euro angu-150 ngaphezulu unyaka ngamunye kulo nyaka.Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, izintengo zikagesi e-France zingase zikhuphuke kakhulu.
Ngokukhuphuka kwentengo kagesi, izindleko zokuphila nokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi eYurophu zikhuphuke kakhulu.I-Reuters ibike ukuthi izikweletu zikagesi zezakhamuzi zinyukile, futhi amabhizinisi amakhemikhali nomanyolo eBrithani, eNorway nakwamanye amazwe anciphise noma amisa ukukhiqiza ngokulandelana.
UGoldman Sachs uxwayise ngokuthi ukwenyuka kwentengo kagesi kuzonyusa ingozi yokunqamuka kukagesi kulobu busika.
02 Amazwe ase-Europe amemezela izindlela zokuphendula
Ukuze kudambiswe lesi simo, amazwe amaningi aseYurophu athatha izinyathelo zokubhekana naso.
Ngokusho kwesazi sezomnotho saseBrithani kanye neBBC, iSpain neBrithani ngamazwe athinteka kakhulu ngokunyuka kwentengo kagesi eYurophu.NgoSepthemba, uhulumeni womfelandawonye oholwa nguPedro Sanchez, uNdunankulu weqembu le-Socialist yaseSpain, umemezele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukunqanda ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla.Lokhu kubandakanya ukumisa intela yokuphehla ugesi engama-7% kanye nokunciphisa izinga lentela yevalue-added labanye abasebenzisi bamandla lisuka ku-21% liye ku-10% engxenyeni yesibili yalo nyaka.Uhulumeni uphinde wamemezela ukwehliswa kwesikhashana kwenzuzo eyeqile etholwa izinkampani zamandla.Uhulumeni uthe inhloso yakhe wukwehlisa amanani kagesi ngaphezulu kwama-20% ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Inkinga yamandla kanye nezinkinga ze-supply chain ezibangelwa yi-brexit ziyithinte kakhulu i-UK.Kusukela ngo-Agasti, izinkampani zegesi eziyishumi e-UK zivaliwe, okuthinta amakhasimende angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.7.Njengamanje, uhulumeni waseBrithani ubambe umhlangano ophuthumayo nedlanzana labaphakeli bamandla ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi bangasiza kanjani abahlinzeki bempahla babhekane nobunzima obubangelwa amanani entengo egesi yemvelo aqopha umlando.
I-Italy, ethola amaphesenti angu-40 wamandla ayo egesi yemvelo, isengozini enkulu yokwenyuka kwentengo yegesi yemvelo.Njengamanje, uhulumeni usesebenzise cishe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2 ukulawula ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yamandla asendlini futhi wathembisa ukunikeza amanye ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3 ezinyangeni ezizayo.
UNdunankulu uMario Draghi uthe ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo, ezinye zezindleko zokuqala ezibizwa ngesistimu zizodonswa ezikweletini zegesi yemvelo kanye nogesi.Bekumele banyuse izintela ukuze basize ekushintsheleni kumandla avuselelekayo.
UNdunankulu waseFrance uJean Castel uthe enkulumweni yethelevishini ngoSepthemba 30 ukuthi uhulumeni waseFrance uzoqinisekisa ukuthi amanani entengo yegesi yemvelo nogesi ngeke akhuphuke ngaphambi kokuphela kobusika.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseFrance uthe emasontweni amabili edlule ukuthi ngoDisemba kulo nyaka, "isheke lamandla" elengeziwe lama-euro ayi-100 umuzi ngamunye lizonikezwa imindeni ehola kancane elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-5.8 ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emandleni okuthenga umndeni.
I-Non EU Norway ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu bakawoyela negesi eYurophu, kodwa isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthekelisa.U-1.4% kuphela kagesi wezwe okhiqizwa ngokushisa izibaso ezimbiwa phansi nemfucuza, u-5.8% uphehlwa ngamandla omoya kanye nama-92.9% ophehlwa ngamanzi.Inkampani yamandla e-equinor yaseNorway ivumile ukuvumela ukwenyuka kwama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zegesi yemvelo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2022 ukuze kusekelwe isidingo esikhulayo eYurophu nase-UK.
Njengoba ohulumeni baseSpain, Italy kanye namanye amazwe befuna ukuthi inkinga yamandla ibekwe ohlwini lwe-ajenda engqungqutheleni elandelayo yabaholi be-EU, i-EU yenza isiqondiso mayelana nezinyathelo zokunciphisa amazwe Angamalungu angazithatha ngokuzimela ngaphakathi kobubanzi bemithetho ye-EU.
Kodwa-ke, i-BBC ithe akukho okukhombisa ukuthi i-EU izothatha noma yikuphi ukungenelela okukhulu nokugxilile.
03 izici eziningi ziholela ekunikezeni amandla okuqinile, okungenzeka angakhululeka ngo-2022
Yini ebangela isimo esibucayi eYurophu?
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukunyuka kwamanani kagesi e-Europe kudale ukukhathazeka ngokunqamuka kukagesi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo.Ngokululama kancane kancane komhlaba kulolu bhubhane, ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe akukalulami ngokugcwele, isidingo sinamandla, ukuhlinzekwa akwanele, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kungalingani, kubangela ukukhathazeka ngokunqamuka kukagesi.
Ukuntuleka kokuphakelwa kukagesi eYurophu nakho kuhlobene nesakhiwo samandla sokuphakelwa kukagesi.UCao Yuanzheng, usihlalo weBOC International Research Corporation kanye nomcwaningi omkhulu weChongyang Institute of finance of Renmin University of China, uveze ukuthi ingxenye yokuphehlwa kwamandla ahlanzekile eYurophu iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ngenxa yesomiso nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu, inani kwamandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi kwehlile.Ukuze kuvalwe igebe, isidingo sokuphehla amandla ashisayo sakhula.Kodwa-ke, njengoba amandla ahlanzekile eYurophu nase-United States asesenkingeni yenguquko, amayunithi kagesi ashisayo asetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okugcinelwa ukushefa okuphuthumayo alinganiselwe, futhi amandla ashisayo awakwazi ukwakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane, okuholela ekutheni igebe ekunikezeni amandla.
Isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani saphinde sathi amandla omoya athatha ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yesakhiwo samandla saseYurophu, okuphindwe kabili kunamazwe anjengeBrithani.Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zesimo sezulu zakamuva ziye zanciphisa amandla omoya eYurophu.
Mayelana negesi yemvelo, ukunikezwa kwegesi yemvelo eYurophu kulo nyaka nakho kwehle kunalokho obekulindelwe, futhi iqoqo legesi yemvelo lehla.Isazi sezomnotho sibike ukuthi iYurophu ibhekane nobusika obubandayo nobubude onyakeni odlule, futhi izinsiza zegesi yemvelo zehla, cishe ngama-25% aphansi kunezinqolobane ezimaphakathi zesikhathi eside.
Imithombo emibili emikhulu yaseYurophu yokungenisa igesi yemvelo kwamanye amazwe nayo yathinteka.Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yegesi yemvelo yaseYurophu ihlinzekwa yiRussia kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu ivela eNorway, kodwa womabili amashaneli okuphakelwa kwawo ayathinteka.Ngokwesibonelo, umlilo embonini yokucubungula eSiberia ubangele ukutholakala kwegesi yemvelo ngaphansi kwalokho obekulindelwe.Ngokusho kweReuters, iNorway, umphakeli wegesi wemvelo wesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu, nayo inqunyelwe ukugcinwa kwezindawo zikawoyela.
Njengamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza amandla eYurophu, ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo akwanele, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla nakho kuyaqiniswa.Ukwengeza, lapho kuthinteke isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, amandla avuselelekayo afana namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi namandla omoya awakwazi ukubekwa phezulu, okuholela ekushodeni okukhulu kwamandla kagesi.
Ukuhlaziywa kweReuters kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwerekhodi kumanani wamandla, ikakhulukazi amanani egesi yemvelo, kuye kwaqhubeza intengo kagesi eYurophu ibe sezingeni eliphakeme iminyaka eminingi, futhi lesi simo akunakwenzeka ukuba sidambe ekupheleni konyaka, ngisho nesimo ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqinile ngeke kwehliswe ngo-2022.
I-Bloomberg iphinde yabikezela ukuthi ukutholakala kwegesi yemvelo ephansi eYurophu, ukungeniswa kwamapayipi egesi ancishisiwe kanye nesidingo esinamandla e-Asia kwakha isizinda sokukhuphuka kwamanani.Ngokusimama komnotho enkathini yangemva kobhubhane, ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya emazweni ase-Europe, ukuncintisana okushubile emakethe ye-LNG yomhlaba wonke, kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokuphehla amandla aphehlwa ngegesi okubangelwa ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-carbon, lezi zici zingase zigcine i- Ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo kuqinile ngo-2022.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-13-2021
