Isitoreji esipompayo siwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthiwe endaweni yokugcina amandla amakhulu, futhi umthamo ofakiwe weziteshi zikagesi ungafinyelela kuma-gigawatts.Njengamanje, isitoreji samandla esivuthiwe nesinkulu kunazo zonke esifakiwe emhlabeni yi-hydro.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obumpontshelwe buvuthiwe futhi buzinzile, bunezinzuzo eziphezulu ezibanzi, futhi buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula okuphezulu nokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni.Isitoreji esipompayo siwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthiwe endaweni yokugcina amandla amakhulu, futhi umthamo ofakiwe weziteshi zikagesi ungafinyelela kuma-gigawatts.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele ze-Energy Storage Professional Committee ye-China Energy Research Association, i-pumped hydro njengamanje iyindawo yokugcina amandla ekhulile futhi enkulu kunazo zonke efakiwe emhlabeni.Kusukela ngo-2019, amandla okugcina amandla okusebenza emhlabeni afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-180, futhi umthamo ofakiwe wamandla ampontshwayo okugcina udlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-170, okwenza ama-94% engqikithi yokugcina amandla emhlabeni.
Iziteshi zamandla ezimpontshwayo zisebenzisa ugesi okhiqizwa ngesikhathi somthwalo ophansi wesistimu kagesi ukumpompa amanzi endaweni ephakeme ukuze agcinwe, futhi akhulule amanzi ukuze akhiqize ugesi ngezikhathi zomthwalo omkhulu.Uma umthwalo uphansi, isiteshi samandla esipompayo singumsebenzisi;lapho umthwalo uphakeme kakhulu, kuyisizinda sikagesi.
Iyunithi yokugcina empontshiwe inemisebenzi emibili eyisisekelo: ukupompa amanzi nokukhiqiza ugesi.Iyunithi isebenza njenge-turbine yamanzi lapho umthwalo wesistimu yamandla usezingeni eliphezulu.Ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide ye-turbine yamanzi kulungiswa ngesistimu yombusi, futhi amandla angaba khona amanzi aguqulwa abe amandla omshini wokujikeleza kweyunithi, bese amandla omshini aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa i-generator;
Uma umthwalo wesistimu yamandla uphansi, iphampu yamanzi isetshenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka endaweni engaphansi ukuya endaweni engaphezulu.Ngokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu yombusi, ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide kulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngokuphakanyiswa kwepompo, futhi amandla kagesi aguqulwa abe amandla angaba namandla futhi agcinwe..
Iziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo zinomthwalo wemfanelo ikakhulukazi wokulawula izinga eliphezulu, ukulawula imvamisa, ukulondoloza ikhophi yesimo esiphuthumayo kanye nokuqalisa okumnyama kwesistimu yamandla, okungathuthukisa futhi kulinganise umthwalo wesistimu kagesi, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zohlelo lwamandla, futhi ziwumgogodla wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, ukonga kanye nokuzinzile kwegridi yamandla..Izitshalo zamandla e-Pumped-storage zaziwa ngokuthi "izinzile", "regulators" kanye "nabalancers" ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwamagridi kagesi.
Indlela yokuthuthuka yeziteshi zamandla ezimpontshwa emhlabeni jikelele inekhanda eliphezulu, umthamo omkhulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu.Ikhanda eliphakeme lisho ukuthi iyunithi ikhula ibe ikhanda eliphakeme, umthamo omkhulu usho ukuthi umthamo weyunithi eyodwa ukhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi isivinini esikhulu sisho ukuthi iyunithi ithatha isivinini esithile esiphezulu.
Isakhiwo sesiteshi samandla kanye nezici
Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zesiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwayo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa: ichibi eliphezulu, ichibi eliphansi, uhlelo lokulethwa kwamanzi, indawo yokusebenzela kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile.Uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi ezijwayelekile zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, izakhiwo ezisebenza ngamanzi eziteshini zikagesi ezimpontshwa zinezici ezilandelayo:
Kukhona amadamu aphezulu naphansi.Uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi ezijwayelekile zikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ezinomthamo ofanayo ofakiwe, umthamo wamanzi weziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo uvamise ukuba mncane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Izinga lamanzi echibini liyashintshashintsha kakhulu futhi liyenyuka futhi lehle njalo.Ukuze wenze umsebenzi wokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi kugridi yamandla, ukuhlukahluka kwansuku zonke kwezinga lamanzi echibini lesiteshi samandla esipompayo kuvame ukuba kukhulu, ngokuvamile kudlule amamitha ayi-10-20, kanti ezinye iziteshi zikagesi zifinyelela ku-30- Amamitha angu-40, futhi izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lamanzi echibi liyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile lifinyelela ku-5 ~8m/h, ngisho no-8~10m/h.
Izidingo zokuvimbela ukugeleza kwechibi ziphezulu.Uma isiteshi samandla esimpontshwa esihlanzekile sibangela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaningi ngenxa yokugeleza kwedamu eliphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesiteshi kuzoncishiswa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugeleza kwamanzi ekuwohlokeni kwezimo ze-hydrogeological endaweni yephrojekthi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwe-sepage nokugeleza okugxilile, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe futhi ekuvimbeleni ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ikhanda lamanzi liphakeme.Inhloko yesiteshi samandla esigciniwe esimpontshiwe ngokuvamile iphakeme, ikakhulukazi amamitha angu-200-800.Isiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwa sakwaJixi esinamandla afakiwe angu-1.8 million kilowatts iphrojekthi yezwe lami yokuqala engamamitha angama-650, kanti isiteshi sikagesi esipompa amanzi saseDunhua esinamandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-1.4 ingeyokuqala yezwe lami engama-700- iphrojekthi yesigaba sekhanda lamamitha.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokugcina obumpontshwayo, inani leziteshi zikagesi ezinamakhanda amakhulu, ezinkulu ezweni lami lizokhula.
Iyunithi ifakwe endaweni ephakeme ephansi.Ukuze kunqotshwe ithonya lokunyakaza nokugeleza kwamanzi endaweni ephehla ugesi, iziteshi ezinkulu zikagesi ezimpontshwayo ezakhiwe ekhaya naphesheya eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuvamile zamukela uhlobo lwezindlu zokuphehla amandla ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isiteshi samandla esipompa esipompayo sokuqala emhlabeni yisiteshi sikagesi esipompelwa yiNetra eZurich, eSwitzerland, esakhiwe ngo-1882. Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo eShayina kwaqala sekusele isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa.Iyunithi yokuqala ye-oblique ehlehliswayo ehlehliswayo yafakwa e-Gangnan Reservoir ngo-1968. Kamuva, ngokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwemboni yamandla yasekhaya, umthamo ofakiwe wamandla enuzi namandla ashisayo anda ngokushesha, okudinga ukuthi uhlelo lwamandla luhlonyiswe ngamayunithi ahambisanayo ampontshwayo okugcina. .
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, iShayina isiqalile ukwakha iziteshi ezinkulu zikagesi ezimpontshwayo.Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lami kanye nemboni yamandla, izwe lami lizuze impumelelo enezithelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ekuzilawuleni kwemishini yamayunithi amakhulu ampontshwayo okugcina.
Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2020, amandla ezwe lami afakiwe okukhiqiza amandla kagesi ampontshwayo abengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-31.49, okuwukukhula ngo-4.0% kunonyaka odlule.Ngo-2020, umthamo kazwelonke wokuphehlwa kukagesi opompelwayo wawungamabhiliyoni angama-33.5 kWh, okuwukukhula ngo-5.0% kunonyaka odlule;Umthamo wezwe osanda kufakwa ophehlwayo wokuphehla amandla ubungu-1.2 million kWh.iziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo zezwe lami ezikhiqizwayo nesakhiwayo zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.
I-State Grid Corporation yaseShayina ibilokhu inamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo yokugcina amanzi.Njengamanje, i-State Grid ineziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo ezisebenzayo ezingama-22 kanye neziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo ezingama-30 ezakhiwayo.
Ngo-2016, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ezinhlanu zikagesi ezimpontshwa e-Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, naseFukang, Xinjiang;
Ngo-2017, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla ezimpontshwa eziyisithupha e-Yi County of Hebei, Zhirui of Inner Mongolia, Ninghai of Zhejiang, Jinyun of Zhejiang, Luoning of Henan nasePingjiang of Hunan;
Ngo-2019, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo eziyisihlanu e-Funing e-Hebei, e-Jiaohe e-Jilin, e-Qujiang e-Zhejiang, e-Weifang e-Shandong, nase-Hami e-Xinjiang;
Ngo-2020, iziteshi zamandla ezine ezimpontshwayo e-Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, naseShandong Tai'an Phase II zizoqala ukwakhiwa.
Isiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwayo sokuqala sezwe lakithi esinezinto ezisebenza ngokuzimele.NgoMfumfu wezi-2011, isiteshi sikagesi saqedwa ngempumelelo, okubonisa ukuthi izwe lami likwazi ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokupompa.
Ngo-April 2013, i-Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi;ngo-April 2016, i-Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station enamandla angu-375,000 kilowatts yaxhunywa ngempumelelo kugridi.Izisetshenziswa ezizimele zamayunithi okugcina amaphampu amakhulu ezweni lami seyenziwe saduma futhi sasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Isiteshi sikagesi sokuqala sezwe lami esingamamitha angama-700.Isamba esifakiwe singu-1.4 million kilowatts.Ngomhla zizi-4 kuNhlangulana wezi-2021, iYunithi yoku-1 yaqala ukusebenza ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi.
Isiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwa esinamandla amakhulu afakiwe emhlabeni siyakhiwa.Isamba esifakiwe singama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezi-3.6.
Isitoreji esipompowe sinezici eziyisisekelo, eziphelele kanye nezomphakathi.Ingabamba iqhaza ezinsizeni zokulawula zomthombo omusha wesistimu yamandla, inethiwekhi, izixhumanisi zokulayisha nesitoreji, futhi izinzuzo ezibanzi zibaluleke kakhulu.Iphethe uhlelo lwamandla oluphephile lokuhlinzeka ngogesi, isilinganisi esihlanzekile sekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu Umsebenzi obalulekile wesilawuli esisebenzayo.
Esokuqala ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuntuleka kwamandla okugcina okuthembekile wesistimu yamandla ngaphansi kokungena kwenani eliphezulu lamandla amasha.Ngenzuzo yokulawula umthamo womthamo ophindwe kabili, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokulawula umthamo omkhulu womthamo omkhulu wesistimu yamandla, futhi sinciphise inkinga yokuhlinzeka ngomthwalo omkhulu obangelwa ukungazinzi kwamandla amasha kanye nomthwalo omkhulu obangelwa umkhombe.Ubunzima bokusebenzisa obubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamandla amasha phakathi nenkathi kungakhuthaza kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha.
Okwesibili ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokungafani phakathi kwezici zokukhishwa kwamandla amasha kanye nesidingo somthwalo, kuncike ekhonweni lokulungisa eliguquguqukayo lokuphendula ngokushesha, ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nokungahleliwe nokuguquguquka kwamandla amasha, kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo sokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo. elethwa amandla amasha “kuya ngesimo sezulu”.
Okwesithathu ukubhekana ngempumelelo nomzuzu onganele we-inertia yesistimu yamandla entsha enengxenye ephezulu.Ngenzuzo yomzuzu ophezulu we-inertia yejeneretha ye-synchronous, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu futhi igcine ukuzinza kwefrikhwensi yesistimu.
Okwesine ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nomthelela wokuphepha ongase ube khona wefomu "eliphindwe kabili" kusistimu entsha yamandla, ukuthatha umsebenzi wokulondoloza izimo eziphuthumayo, futhi uphendule ezidingweni zokulungiswa okungazelelwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngamandla okuqalisa ngokushesha namandla okunqamula ngokushesha. .Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengomthwalo ophazamisekayo, ungasusa ngokuphepha umthwalo olinganiselwe weyunithi yokupompa ngempendulo ye-millisecond, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwesistimu.
Okwesihlanu ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu ezilethwa ukuxhunywa kwegridi yamandla ngezinga elikhulu.Ngezindlela zokusebenza ezinengqondo, ezihlangene namandla ashisayo okunciphisa ikhabhoni nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa ukushiywa komoya nokukhanya, ukukhuthaza ukwabiwa kwamandla, nokwenza ngcono umnotho wonke kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Qinisa ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza zengqalasizinda, ukuxhumanisa ukuphepha, ikhwalithi kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubekelaphambili yamaphrojekthi angu-30 asakhiwayo, ukhuthaze ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwemishini, ukulawula okuhlakaniphile nokwakhiwa okulinganiselwe, ukwandisa isikhathi sokwakha, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umthamo wokupompa wesitoreji uzodlula izigidi ezingu-20. ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu” lwe-14.ama-kilowatts, namandla okusebenza afakiwe azokweqa ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-70 ngo-2030.
Okwesibili wukusebenza kanzima ekuphatheni i-lean.Ukuqinisa isiqondiso sokuhlela, sigxile emgomweni “wekhabhoni embaxambili” kanye nokuqaliswa kwesu lenkampani, ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yohlelo lokuthuthukisa “Iminyaka Eyi-14 Yeminyaka Emihlanu” lokugcinwa ngokumpontshwa.Yenza ngokugcwele ngokwesayensi izinqubo zokuqala zomsebenzi zephrojekthi, futhi uthuthukise ukucwaninga kokwenzeka kwephrojekthi nokugunyazwa ngendlela ehlelekile.Ukugxila kwezokuphepha, ikhwalithi, isikhathi sokwakha, kanye nezindleko, ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukuphathwa nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, ukwakhiwa kwemishini nokwakhiwa okuluhlaza kokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphrojekthi asakhiwayo angazuza izinzuzo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Gxilisa ukulawulwa komjikelezo wempilo wezinto zokusebenza, ujulise ucwaningo kusevisi yegridi yamandla yamayunithi, uthuthukise isu lokusebenza lamayunithi, futhi unikeze ngokugcwele ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwegridi yamandla.Gxilisa ukuphathwa kwe-lean okunezinhlangothi eziningi, kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwe-smart supply chain, kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lokuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo, ukwaba imali ngokwesayensi, izinsiza, ubuchwepheshe, idatha nezinye izici zokukhiqiza, kuthuthukisa ngamandla ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, futhi kuthuthukise ngokuphelele ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha kanye ukusebenza kahle.
Okwesithathu ukufuna impumelelo ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe.Ukuqaliswa okujulile “koHlelo Olusha Lwesenzo Sokuqhubekela Phambili” lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kukhuphule ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwesayensi, futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuqamba okusha okuzimele.Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe beyunithi yesivinini esiguquguqukayo, uqinise ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamayunithi amakhulu angu-400-megawatt, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamalabhorethri angamamodeli ephampu-turbine kanye namalabhorethri okulingisa, futhi senze yonke imizamo yokwakha uguquko oluzimele lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. inkundla.
Lungiselela ukwakheka kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza, qinisa ucwaningo kubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokugcina okupontshiwe, futhi ulwele ukunqoba inkinga yobuchwepheshe "yentamo ebhajwe".Gxilisa ucwaningo ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-“Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain”, sebenzisa ngokugcwele ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla ezihlakaniphile zedijithali, futhi usheshise ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kwamabhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2022
