Izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nokwethulwa kweziteshi zokuphehla ugesi emhlabeni wonke

I-Hydropower iyinqubo yokuguqula amandla amanzi emvelo abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zobunjiniyela.Kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa amandla amanzi.Imodeli yensiza inezinzuzo zokungasetshenzisiwe kukaphethiloli futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, amandla amanzi angengezwa ngokuqhubekayo yimvula, imishini elula ye-electromechanical kanye nokusebenza okuvumelana nezimo nokulula.Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvamile kukhulu, isikhathi sokwakha side, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa okunye kokukhukhula kuzobangelwa.Amandla kagesi avame ukuhlanganiswa nokulawula izikhukhula, ukuchelela kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele.(umbhali: Pang Mingli)

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamandla kagesi:

1. Isiteshi sikagesi esivamile esiphehlwa ngamanzi
Okusho ukuthi, idamu hydropower, eyaziwa nangokuthi reservoir hydropower.Ichibi lakhiwe ngamanzi agcinwe edamini, futhi amandla alo aphezulu okukhipha amanzi anqunywa umthamo wechibi kanye nomehluko phakathi kwendawo yokukhipha amanzi kanye nokuphakama kwamanzi.Lomehluko wobude ubizwa ngokuthi yikhanda, elibuye laziwe ngokuthi yiconsi noma ikhanda, kanti amandla angaba khona amanzi alingana ngqo nekhanda.

2. Ukusebenza kwesiteshi sokuphehla amandla emfuleni (ROR)
Okusho ukuthi, amandla aphehla amanzi emfuleni, abuye aziwe ngokuthi yi-runoff hydropower, iwuhlobo lwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi asebenzisa amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kodwa adinga amanzi amancane noma ongadingi ukugcina amanzi amaningi ukuze uphehle ugesi.Ugesi ogeleza ngomfula cishe awudingi nhlobo ukugcinwa kwamanzi, noma udinga kuphela ukwakha izindawo zokugcina amanzi ezincane kakhulu.Lapho kwakhiwa izindawo ezincane zokugcina amanzi, lolu hlobo lwezindawo zokugcina amanzi lubizwa ngokuthi i-adjustment pool noma i-forebay.Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izindawo ezinkulu zokugcina amanzi, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okugeleza kwe-Sichuan kuzwela kakhulu ekushintsheni komthamo wamanzi wesizini womthombo wamanzi okhonjiwe.Ngakho-ke, i-Sichuan flow power plant ivame ukuchazwa njengomthombo wamandla wezikhawu.Uma ithangi elilawulayo elingalawula ukugeleza kwamanzi nganoma isiphi isikhathi lakhiwe endaweni yokuphehla amandla kaChuanliu, lingasetshenziswa njengesikhungo samandla sokushefa esiphezulu noma isizinda samandla okulayisha amandla.

3. Amandla e-tide
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle kusekelwe ekukhuphukeni nasekuweni kwezinga lamanzi olwandle okubangelwa amagagasi.Ngokuvamile, amadamu azokwakhiwa ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi, kodwa kukhona futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamanzi ahamba ngamagagasi ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi.Azikho izindawo eziningi ezifanele zokukhiqiza amandla olwandle emhlabeni.Kunezindawo eziyisishiyagalombili ezifanele e-UK, futhi amandla ayo alinganiselwa ukuthi anele ukuhlangabezana no-20% wesidingo sikagesi sezwe.
Kunjalo, iziteshi ezijwayelekile zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ziphethe izindlela ezintathu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Ukwengeza, isiteshi samandla esipompayo esigcina amandla ngokuvamile sisebenzisa amandla engeziwe esistimu yamandla (amandla ngenkathi yezikhukhula, iholidi noma aphansi phakathi kwamabili) ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka edamini elingaphansi ukuya endaweni yokugcina amanzi;Esiqongweni sokulayishwa kwesistimu, amanzi kwi-reservoir engaphezulu azobekwa phansi futhi i-turbine yamanzi izoshayela ijeneretha ye-turbine yamanzi ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.Ngemisebenzi embaxambili yokushefa okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi, iyindawo ekahle kakhulu yokushefa kwamandla ohlelo lwamandla.Ukwengeza, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengokushintshashintsha kwefrikhwensi, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokubekwe eceleni, okudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokusezingeni eliphezulu kwegridi yamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono umnotho wohlelo.
Isiteshi samandla esigciniwe esipompayo ngokwaso asiwakhiqizi amandla kagesi, kodwa sidlala indima ekuxhumaniseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuphehlwa kukagesi kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi kugridi yamandla;Ukulawulwa komthwalo ophezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulayisheni inani eliphakeme lesikhathi esifushane;Ukuqala okusheshayo nokushintsha kokuphumayo kungaqinisekisa ukwethembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla kwegridi yamandla futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwamandla wegridi yamandla.Manje akubalulwa ku-hydropower, kodwa kusitoreji samandla.
Njengamanje, kuneziteshi zikagesi ezisebenza ngamanzi eziyi-193 ezinamandla afakiwe angaphezu kuka-1000MW emhlabeni, kanti ezingu-21 zisakhiwa.Phakathi kwazo, iziteshi zikagesi ezingama-55 ezinamandla afakiwe angaphezu kuka-1000MW ziyasebenza eShayina, kanti ezi-5 zisakhiwa, zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.