Emifuleni yemvelo, amanzi ageleza esuka phezulu nomfula aye ezansi nomfula exutshwe nentlenga, futhi ngokuvamile ageze umbhede womfula kanye nemithambeka yosebe, okubonisa ukuthi kunesilinganiso esithile samandla esifihlwe emanzini.Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, la mandla angaba khona asetshenziselwa ukukhuhla, ukusunduza inzika kanye nokunqoba ukumelana nokungqubuzana.Uma sakha izakhiwo ezithile futhi sifaka izinto ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze senze ukugeleza kwamanzi okuqhubekayo kugeleza ku-turbine yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi izoqhutshwa umsinga wamanzi, njengomshini womoya, ongazungeza ngokuqhubekayo, futhi amandla amanzi azoguqulwa. ibe amandla mechanical.Lapho i-turbine yamanzi ishayela i-generator ukuthi ijikeleze ndawonye, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi, futhi amandla amanzi aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi.Lona umgomo oyisisekelo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi.Izinjini zamanzi namajeneretha yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Ake ngikunikeze isingeniso esifushane ngolwazi oluncane mayelana nokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
1. Amandla kagesi kanye namandla okugeleza kwamanzi
Ekuklanyweni kwesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi, ukuze kunqunywe isikali sesiteshi sikagesi, kuyadingeka ukwazi amandla okukhiqiza ugesi wesiteshi sikagesi.Ngokwemigomo eyisisekelo yokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, akunzima ukubona ukuthi umthamo wokuphehla ugesi wesiteshi sikagesi unqunywa inani lomsebenzi ongenziwa yimanje.Sibiza umsebenzi ophelele amanzi angawenza esikhathini esithile njengamandla amanzi, futhi umsebenzi ongenziwa ngeyunithi yesikhathi (yesibili) ubizwa ngokuthi amandla amanje.Ngokusobala, amandla amakhulu okugeleza kwamanzi, aba namandla amandla okukhiqiza ugesi esiteshini samandla.Ngakho-ke, ukuze sazi amandla okukhiqiza amandla esiteshi sikagesi, kufanele siqale sibale amandla okugeleza kwamanzi.Amandla okugeleza kwamanzi emfuleni angabalwa ngale ndlela, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwehla kwamanzi engxenyeni ethile yomfula kungu-H (amamitha), kanye nomthamo wamanzi we-H odlula engxenyeni ewela umfula ngeyunithi. isikhathi (imizuzwana) ngu-Q (cubic metres/second), bese-ke ukugeleza Amandla esigaba alingana nomkhiqizo wesisindo samanzi kanye nokwehla.Ngokusobala, ukuphakama kwamanzi kuyanda, ukugeleza okukhulu, namandla okugeleza kwamanzi amakhulu.
2. Umphumela weziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi
Ngaphansi kwekhanda nokugeleza okuthile, ugesi ongaphehlwa yisiteshi sikagesi ubizwa ngokuthi i-hydropower output.Ngokusobala, amandla okukhiphayo ancike emandleni okugeleza kwamanzi nge-turbine.Enqubweni yokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi, amanzi kufanele anqobe ukumelana nemifula noma izakhiwo endleleni ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi komfula.Izinjini zamanzi, amajeneretha, kanye nemishini yokudlulisa kufanele futhi kunqobe ukumelana okuningi phakathi nomsebenzi.Ukuze unqobe ukumelana, umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe, futhi amandla okugeleza kwamanzi azosetshenziswa, okungenakugwemeka.Ngakho-ke, amandla okugeleza kwamanzi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi mancane kunevelu etholwe ifomula, okusho ukuthi, ukuphuma kwesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi kufanele kulingane namandla okugeleza kwamanzi aphindwe isici esingaphansi koku-1. Le coefficient ibizwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Inani elikhethekile lokusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi lihlobene nenani lokulahlekelwa kwamandla okwenzeka lapho amanzi egeleza esakhiweni nasenjinini yamanzi, okokusebenza kokudlulisa, ijeneretha, njll., lapho ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, kuncipha ukusebenza kahle.Esiteshini esincane esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi, isamba salokhu kulahlekelwa sibalelwa ku-25-40% wamandla okugeleza kwamanzi.Okusho ukuthi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okungakhiqiza ama-kilowatts angu-100 kagesi kungena esiteshini samandla kagesi, futhi i-generator ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kuphela ama-kilowatts angu-60 kuya kwangu-75 kagesi, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi samandla kagesi Lokho kulingana no-60 ~ 75%.
Kungabonakala esethulweni sangaphambilini ukuthi uma izinga lokugeleza kwesiteshi sikagesi kanye nomehluko wezinga lamanzi kuhlala njalo, ukuphuma kwamandla kwesiteshi sikagesi kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle.Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ngaphezu kokusebenza kwezinjini zokuphehla amandla, amajeneretha kanye nemishini yokudlulisa ugesi, ezinye izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kweziteshi zokuphehla ugesi, njengekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nokufakwa kwemishini, ikhwalithi yokusebenza nokuphathwa, kanye nokuthi ukwakhiwa isiteshi sokuphehla ugesi silungile, zonke ziyizici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi.Yiqiniso, ezinye zalezi zici ezithonyayo ziyinhloko kanti ezinye zingezesibili, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, izici eziyinhloko nezesibili zizoshintsha zibe omunye nomunye.
Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini isici, isici esibalulekile siwukuthi abantu abazona izinto, imishini ilawulwa abantu, futhi ubuchwepheshe bulawulwa ukucabanga.Ngakho-ke, ekuklanyweni, ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kwemishini yeziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, kuyadingeka ukudlala ngokugcwele endimeni yomuntu siqu, nokulwela ukwenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla okugeleza kwamanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.Lokhu okwezinye iziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi lapho ukuwohloka kwamanzi ngokwawo kuncane kakhulu.Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza nokuphathwa kweziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukusebenza kahle kweziteshi zikagesi, ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele kwemithombo yamanzi, nokwenza iziteshi ezincane eziphehla ugesi zidlale indima enkulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-09-2021
